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Time series imputation is a fundamental task for understanding time series with missing data. Existing methods either do not directly handle irregularly-sampled data or degrade severely with sparsely observed data. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Siyuan Shan , Yang Li , Junier B. Oliva

Missing data can significantly hamper standard time series analysis, yet they occur frequently in applications. In this paper, we introduce temporal Wasserstein imputation, a novel method for imputing missing data in time series. Unlike…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-15 Shuo-Chieh Huang , Tengyuan Liang , Ruey S. Tsay

We propose a new class of univariate nonstationary time series models, using the framework of modulated time series, which is appropriate for the analysis of rapidly-evolving time series as well as time series observations with missing…

Recently reconstruction-based deep models have been widely used for time series anomaly detection, but as their capacity and generalization capability increase, these models tend to over-generalize, often reconstructing unseen anomalies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Samuel Yoon , Jongwon Kim , Juyoung Ha , Young Myoung Ko

Multivariate time series data for real-world applications typically contain a significant amount of missing values. The dominant approach for classification with such missing values is to impute them heuristically with specific values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 SeungHyun Kim , Hyunsu Kim , EungGu Yun , Hwangrae Lee , Jaehun Lee , Juho Lee

We introduce Temporal Variational Implicit Neural Representations (TV-INRs), a probabilistic framework for modeling irregular multivariate time series that enables efficient individualized imputation and forecasting. By integrating implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Batuhan Koyuncu , Rachael DeVries , Ole Winther , Isabel Valera

We propose and show the efficacy of a new method to address generic inverse problems. Inverse modeling is the task whereby one seeks to determine the control parameters of a natural system that produce a given set of observed measurements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gregory P. Spell , Simiao Ren , Leslie M. Collins , Jordan M. Malof

Time series analysis is widely used in many fields such as power energy, economics, and transportation, including different tasks such as forecasting, anomaly detection, classification, etc. Missing values are widely observed in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zhixian Wang , Linxiao Yang , Liang Sun , Qingsong Wen , Yi Wang

The present study explores the interpretability of latent spaces produced by time series foundation models, focusing on their potential for visual analysis tasks. Specifically, we evaluate the MOMENT family of models, a set of…

Transferability estimation identifies the best pre-trained models for downstream tasks without incurring the high computational cost of full fine-tuning. This capability facilitates deployment and advances the pre-training and fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yaoyan Zheng , Huiqun Wang , Nan Zhou , Di Huang

Integrating deep learning with latent state space models has the potential to yield temporal models that are powerful, yet tractable and interpretable. Unfortunately, current models are not designed to handle missing data or multiple data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Tan Zhi-Xuan , Harold Soh , Desmond C. Ong

Time series data are ubiquitous in real-world applications. However, one of the most common problems is that the time series data could have missing values by the inherent nature of the data collection process. So imputing missing values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Eunkyu Oh , Taehun Kim , Yunhu Ji , Sushil Khyalia

As a prominent data modality task, time series forecasting plays a pivotal role in diverse applications. With the remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), the adoption of LLMs as the foundational architecture for time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yiwen Liu , Chenyu Zhang , Junjie Song , Siqi Chen , Sun Yin , Zihan Wang , Lingming Zeng , Yuji Cao , Junming Jiao

We introduce a temporal feature encoding architecture called Time Series Representation Model (TSRM) for multivariate time series forecasting and imputation. The architecture is structured around CNN-based representation layers, each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Robert Leppich , Michael Stenger , Daniel Grillmeyer , Vanessa Borst , Samuel Kounev

Multivariate Time Series Imputation (MTSI) is crucial for many applications, such as healthcare monitoring and traffic management, where incomplete data can compromise decision-making. Existing state-of-the-art methods, like Denoising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Javier Solís-García , Belén Vega-Márquez , Juan A. Nepomuceno , Isabel A. Nepomuceno-Chamorro

Predictive linear and nonlinear models based on kernel machines or deep neural networks have been used to discover dependencies among time series. This paper proposes an efficient nonlinear modeling approach for multiple time series, with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Kevin Roy , Luis Miguel Lopez-Ramos , Baltasar Beferull-Lozano

We introduce Masked Trajectory Models (MTM) as a generic abstraction for sequential decision making. MTM takes a trajectory, such as a state-action sequence, and aims to reconstruct the trajectory conditioned on random subsets of the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Philipp Wu , Arjun Majumdar , Kevin Stone , Yixin Lin , Igor Mordatch , Pieter Abbeel , Aravind Rajeswaran

Copula models are widely employed in multivariate time series analysis because they permit flexible modelling of marginal distributions independently of the dependence structure, which is fully characterised by the copula function. However,…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-24 Daniel Fynn , David Gunawan , Andrew Zammit-Mangion

Missing data frequently arises across diverse domains, including time-series and image domains. In the real world, missing occurrences often depend on the unobservable values themselves, which are referred to as Missing Not at Random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gyuwon Sim , Sumin Lee , Heesun Bae , Byeonghu Na , Doyun Kwon , Ju-Hee Hwang , Jae-Young Lim , Il-Chul Moon

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) promise to be powerful tools for a wide range of applications. However, their internal representations and learned concepts are still not well understood. In this study, we investigate the structure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Michał Wiliński , Mononito Goswami , Willa Potosnak , Nina Żukowska , Artur Dubrawski