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Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant inference latency challenges stemming from their autoregressive design and large size. To address this, speculative decoding emerges as a solution, enabling the simultaneous generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yinrong Hong , Zhiquan Tan , Kai Hu

Stochastic scientific models and machine learning optimization estimators have a large number of variables; hence computing large sparse Jacobians and Hessians is important. Algorithmic differentiation (AD) greatly reduces the programming…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Bradley M. Bell , Kasper Kristensen

Dual numbers are a well-established tool for computing derivatives and constitute the basis of forward-mode automatic differentiation. While the theoretical framework for computing derivatives of arbitrary order is well understood,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-06 F. Peñuñuri , K. B. Cantún-Avila , R. Peón-Escalante

The extraction of the model parameters is as important as the development of compact model itself because simulation accuracy is fully determined by the accuracy of the parameters used. This study proposes an efficient model-parameter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Michihiro Shintani , Aoi Ueda , Takashi Sato

Differentiable programming, enabled by automatic differentiation (AD), provides a robust framework for gradient-based optimization in computational plasma physics. While optimization is often only used towards design, we demonstrate that it…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 A. S. Joglekar , A. G. R. Thomas , A. L. Milder , K. G. Miller , J. P. Palastro , D. H. Froula

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an inherently sequential training algorithm--computing the gradient at batch $i$ depends on the model parameters learned from batch $i-1$. Prior approaches that break this dependence do not honor them…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Saeed Maleki , Madan Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz , Olli Saarikivi , Tianju Xu , Vadim Eksarevskiy , Jaliya Ekanayake , Emad Barsoum

Achieving high performance for GPU codes requires developers to have significant knowledge in parallel programming and GPU architectures, and in-depth understanding of the application. This combination makes it challenging to find…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Jhe-Yu Liou , Muaaz Awan , Steven Hofmeyr , Stephanie Forrest , Carole-Jean Wu

Classical multivariate statistical methods such as covariance estimation and principal component analysis are well understood mathematically, yet their application at extreme data scales remains challenging. When the number of observations…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-20 Mike Crowhurst

Quantum chemical calculations (QCC) are computational techniques to analyze the characteristics of molecules. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) designed for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers can be used to calculate…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Satoshi Imamura , Akihiko Kasagi , Eiji Yoshida

Adaptive optimization methods have been widely used in deep learning. They scale the learning rates adaptively according to the past gradient, which has been shown to be effective to accelerate the convergence. However, they suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hongwei Zhang , Weidong Zou , Hongbo Zhao , Qi Ming , Tijin Yan , Yuanqing Xia , Weipeng Cao

Automated code generation allows for a separation between the development of a model, expressed via a domain specific language, and lower level implementation details. Algorithmic differentiation can be applied symbolically at the level of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-27 James R. Maddison

Importance sampling has become an indispensable strategy to speed up optimization algorithms for large-scale applications. Improved adaptive variants - using importance values defined by the complete gradient information which changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Sebastian U. Stich , Anant Raj , Martin Jaggi

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) by employing a small language model to draft a hypothesis sequence, which is then validated by the LLM. The effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Ziyue Wang , Pengfei Wu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

A new method for implementing the kinetic energy operator for real-space, grid-based electronic structure codes is developed. It is based on multi-order Adaptive Finite Differencing (AFD) and uses atomic pseudo orbitals produced by the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 E. L. Briggs , Wenchang Lu , J. Bernholc

We study the correctness of automatic differentiation (AD) in the context of a higher-order, Turing-complete language (PCF with real numbers), both in forward and reverse mode. Our main result is that, under mild hypotheses on the primitive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Damiano Mazza , Michele Pagani

In the context of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing, parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) represent a promising paradigm for tackling challenges in quantum sensing, optimal control, optimization, and machine learning on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Dantong Li , Dikshant Dulal , Mykhailo Ohorodnikov , Hanrui Wang , Yongshan Ding

Optimizing neural networks with loss that contain high-dimensional and high-order differential operators is expensive to evaluate with back-propagation due to $\mathcal{O}(d^{k})$ scaling of the derivative tensor size and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zekun Shi , Zheyuan Hu , Min Lin , Kenji Kawaguchi

In the realm of Adversarial Distillation (AD), strategic and precise knowledge transfer from an adversarially robust teacher model to a less robust student model is paramount. Our Dynamic Guidance Adversarial Distillation (DGAD) framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Hyejin Park , Dongbo Min

We present semantic correctness proofs of Automatic Differentiation (AD). We consider a forward-mode AD method on a higher order language with algebraic data types, and we characterise it as the unique structure preserving macro given a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Mathieu Huot , Sam Staton , Matthijs Vákár

Most nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) solvers require the Jacobian matrix associated to the differential operator. In PETSc, this is typically achieved by either an analytic derivation or numerical approximation method such as…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-09-09 J. G. Wallwork , P. Hovland , H. Zhang , O. Marin
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