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Electroencephalography (EEG) interpretation using multimodal large language models (MLLMs) offers a novel approach for analyzing brain signals. However, the complex nature of brain activity introduces critical challenges: EEG signals…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Ziyi Zeng , Zhenyang Cai , Yixi Cai , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Rongsheng Wang , Yipeng Liu , Siqi Cai , Benyou Wang , Zhiguo Zhang , Haizhou Li

Deep learning is advancing EEG processing for automated epileptic seizure detection and onset zone localization, yet its performance relies heavily on high-quality annotated training data. However, scalp EEG is susceptible to high noise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Deeksha M. Shama , Archana Venkataraman

Affective computing with Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a challenging task that requires cumbersome models to effectively learn the information contained in large-scale EEG signals, causing difficulties for real-time smart-device deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Guangyi Zhang , Ali Etemad

This paper presents an innovative approach to address the challenges of translating multi-modal emotion recognition models to a more practical and resource-efficient uni-modal counterpart, specifically focusing on speech-only emotion…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Muhammad Muaz , Nathan Paull , Jahnavi Malagavalli

Emotion recognition through physiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) has become an essential aspect of affective computing and provides an objective way to capture human emotions. However, physiological data characterized by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Adnan Ahmad , Bahareh Nakisa , Mohammad Naim Rastgoo

Multimodal fusion leverages information across modalities to learn better feature representations with the goal of improving performance in fusion-based tasks. However, multimodal datasets, especially in medical settings, are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Farah E. Shamout

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based multimodal learning integrates brain signals with complementary modalities to improve mental state assessment, providing great clinical potential. The effectiveness of such paradigms largely depends on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Runhe Zhou , Shanglin Li , Guanxiang Huang , Xinliang Zhou , Qibin Zhao , Motoaki Kawanabe , Yi Ding , Cuntai Guan

The widespread emergence of smart devices for ECG has sparked demand for intelligent single-lead ECG-based diagnostic systems. However, it is challenging to develop a single-lead-based ECG interpretation model for multiple diseases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yuzhen Qin , Li Sun , Hui Chen , Wei-qiang Zhang , Wenming Yang , Jintao Fei , Guijin Wang

Multimodal learning has been a popular area of research, yet integrating electroencephalogram (EEG) data poses unique challenges due to its inherent variability and limited availability. In this paper, we introduce a novel multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kang Yin , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li , Seong-Whan Lee

Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used in neurocritical care to monitor seizures and other harmful brain activity, including rhythmic and periodic patterns that are clinically significant. Although deep learning methods…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective Brain-Computer Interfaces (aBCIs), yet its practical deployment remains limited by inter-subject variability, reliance on target-domain data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Guangli Li , Canbiao Wu , Zhehao Zhou , Na Tian , Li Zhang , Zhen Liang

This paper proposed a Multi-Channel Multi-Domain (MCMD) based knowledge distillation algorithm for sleep staging using single-channel EEG. Both knowledge from different domains and different channels are learnt in the proposed algorithm,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Chao Zhang , Yiqiao Liao , Siqi Han , Milin Zhang , Zhihua Wang , Xiang Xie

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

The electroencephalography classifier is the most important component of brain-computer interface based systems. There are two major problems hindering the improvement of it. First, traditional methods do not fully exploit multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Chuanqi Tan , Fuchun Sun , Wenchang Zhang

Unveiling visual semantics from neural signals such as EEG, MEG, and fMRI remains a fundamental challenge due to subject variability and the entangled nature of visual features. Existing approaches primarily align neural activity directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zehui Feng , Chenqi Zhang , Mingru Wang , Minuo Wei , Shiwei Cheng , Cuntai Guan , Ting Han

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective computing and emerging decision-support systems, yet remains challenging due to high-dimensional, noisy, and subject-dependent signals. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Diponkor Bala , Rownak Ara Rasul , Sean Goggins

The popularity of multimodal sensors and the accessibility of the Internet have brought us a massive amount of unlabeled multimodal data. Since existing datasets and well-trained models are primarily unimodal, the modality gap between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Zihui Xue , Sucheng Ren , Zhengqi Gao , Hang Zhao

Multi-modality medical imaging is crucial in clinical treatment as it can provide complementary information for medical image segmentation. However, collecting multi-modal data in clinical is difficult due to the limitation of the scan time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Shuai Wang , Zipei Yan , Daoan Zhang , Haining Wei , Zhongsen Li , Rui Li

An electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) enables people to communicate with the outside world by interpreting the EEG signals of their brains to interact with devices such as wheelchairs and intelligent robots.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Quan Z. Sheng , Salil S. Kanhere , Tao Gu , Dalin Zhang

Portable and wearable consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) devices, like Muse headbands, offer unprecedented mobility for daily brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, including cognitive load detection. However, the exacerbated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Xiaoxiao Yang , Chao Feng , Jiancheng Chen