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Symbolic regression, a task discovering the formula best fitting the given data, is typically based on the heuristical search. These methods usually update candidate formulas to obtain new ones with lower prediction errors iteratively.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zihan Yu , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li , Depeng Jin

Machine learning is often applied in health science to obtain predictions and new understandings of complex phenomena and relationships, but an availability of sufficient data for model training is a widespread problem. Traditional machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Casper Wilstrup , Jaan Kasak

This paper describes a new method for Symbolic Regression that allows to find mathematical expressions from a dataset. This method has a strong mathematical basis. As opposed to other methods such as Genetic Programming, this method is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Daniel Rivero , Enrique Fernandez-Blanco

The typical methods for symbolic regression produce rather abrupt changes in solution candidates. In this work, we have tried to transform symbolic regression from an optimization problem, with a landscape that is so rugged that typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Erik Pitzer , Gabriel Kronberger

The process of discovering equations from data lies at the heart of physics and in many other areas of research, including mathematical ecology and epidemiology. Recently, machine learning methods known as symbolic regression emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Beatriz R. Brum , Luiza Lober , Isolde Previdelli , Francisco A. Rodrigues

A core challenge for both physics and artificial intellicence (AI) is symbolic regression: finding a symbolic expression that matches data from an unknown function. Although this problem is likely to be NP-hard in principle, functions of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Silviu-Marian Udrescu , Max Tegmark

Symbolic regression is a machine learning technique that can learn the governing formulas of data and thus has the potential to transform scientific discovery. However, symbolic regression is still limited in the complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Michael Zhang , Samuel Kim , Peter Y. Lu , Marin Soljačić

We introduce a statistical physics inspired supervised machine learning algorithm for classification and regression problems. The method is based on the invariances or stability of predicted results when known data is represented as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-19 Patrick Chao , Tahereh Mazaheri , Bo Sun , Nicholas B. Weingartner , Zohar Nussinov

Symbolic regression corresponds to an ensemble of techniques that allow to uncover an analytical equation from data. Through a closed form formula, these techniques provide great advantages such as potential scientific discovery of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ismail Alaoui Abdellaoui , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Many machine learning strategies designed to automate mathematical tasks leverage neural networks to search large combinatorial spaces of mathematical symbols. In contrast to traditional evolutionary approaches, using a neural network at…

Many promising approaches to symbolic regression have been presented in recent years, yet progress in the field continues to suffer from a lack of uniform, robust, and transparent benchmarking standards. In this paper, we address this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-02 William La Cava , Patryk Orzechowski , Bogdan Burlacu , Fabrício Olivetti de França , Marco Virgolin , Ying Jin , Michael Kommenda , Jason H. Moore

Symbolic regression (SR) is a data analysis problem where we search for the mathematical expression that best fits a numerical dataset. It is a global optimization problem. The most popular approach to SR is by genetic programming (SRGP).…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Sohrab Towfighi

Fast Function Extraction (FFX) is a deterministic algorithm for solving symbolic regression problems. We improve the accuracy of FFX by adding parameters to the arguments of nonlinear functions. Instead of only optimizing linear parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Lukas Kammerer , Gabriel Kronberger , Michael Kommenda

We introduce SymbolFit, a framework that automates parametric modeling by using symbolic regression to perform a machine-search for functions that fit the data while simultaneously providing uncertainty estimates in a single run.…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-07-04 Ho Fung Tsoi , Dylan Rankin , Cecile Caillol , Miles Cranmer , Sridhara Dasu , Javier Duarte , Philip Harris , Elliot Lipeles , Vladimir Loncar

Automated scientific discovery aims to improve scientific understanding through machine learning. A central approach in this field is symbolic regression, which uses genetic programming or sparse regression to learn interpretable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sigur de Vries , Sander W. Keemink , Marcel A. J. van Gerven

Symbolic Regression tries to find a mathematical expression that describes the relationship of a set of explanatory variables to a measured variable. The main objective is to find a model that minimizes the error and, optionally, that also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful method for uncovering interpretable mathematical relationships from data, offering a novel route to both scientific discovery and efficient empirical modelling. This article introduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Gabriel Kronberger

Interpretability is crucial for machine learning in many scenarios such as quantitative finance, banking, healthcare, etc. Symbolic regression (SR) is a classic interpretable machine learning method by bridging X and Y using mathematical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-17 Ying Jin , Weilin Fu , Jian Kang , Jiadong Guo , Jian Guo

Subset selection in multiple linear regression aims to choose a subset of candidate explanatory variables that tradeoff fitting error (explanatory power) and model complexity (number of variables selected). We build mathematical programming…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-04 Young Woong Park , Diego Klabjan

Discovering the underlying mathematical expressions describing a dataset is a core challenge for artificial intelligence. This is the problem of $\textit{symbolic regression}$. Despite recent advances in training neural networks to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Brenden K. Petersen , Mikel Landajuela , T. Nathan Mundhenk , Claudio P. Santiago , Soo K. Kim , Joanne T. Kim