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Observational data provided by JWST instruments continue to challenge theories and models of cloud formation in sub-stellar atmospheres, requiring more sophisticated approaches in an effort to understand their spatial complexity. However,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Elspeth K. H. Lee

Understanding of cloud microphysics and the evolution of cloud structures in sub-stellar atmospheres remains a key challenge in the JWST era. The abundance of new JWST data necessitates models that are suitable for coupling with large-scale…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-19 Elspeth K. H. Lee , Kazumasa Ohno

Droplet patterns condensing on solid substrates (breath figures) tend to evolve into a self-similar regime, characterized by a bimodal droplet size distribution. The distributions comprise a bell-shaped peak of monodisperse large droplets,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-10-28 L. Stricker , J. Vollmer

The dust grain size distribution (GSD) likely varies significantly across star-forming environments in the Universe, but its impact on star formation remains unclear. This ambiguity arises because the GSD interacts non-linearly with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-08 Nadine H. Soliman , Philip F. Hopkins , Michael Y. Grudić

The formation of stars is inextricably linked to the structure of their parental molecular clouds. Here we take a number of nearby giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and analyse their column density and mass distributions. This investigation is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 D. Froebrich , J. Rowles

This study employs a high-resolution (10m) System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) coupled with the Spectral Bin Microphysical (SBM) scheme to thoroughly investigate the processes governing the evolution of aerosol properties within and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Yael Arieli , Alexander Khain , Ehud Gavze , Orit Altaratz , Eshkol Eytan , Ilan Koren

We investigate the effect of star formation and diffuse photoelectric heating on the properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) formed in high resolution (~< 10 pc) global (~ 20 kpc) simulations of isolated Milky Way-type galaxy disks. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Elizabeth J. Tasker

We present a new two-dimensional, bin-scheme microphysical model of cloud formation in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters that includes the effects of longitudinal gas and cloud transport. We predict cloud particle size distributions as a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-16 Diana Powell , Xi Zhang

We study the linear evolution of small perturbations in self-gravitating fluid systems in two spatial dimensions; we consider both cylindrical and cartesian (i.e., slab) geometries. The treatment is general, but the application is to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Curtis S. Gehman , Fred C. Adams , Marco Fatuzzo , Richard Watkins

We present a method for modelling star-forming clouds that combines two different models of the thermal evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM). In the combined model, where the densities are low enough that at least some part of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Matthew R. Bate , Eric R. Keto

Interstellar magnetic fields influence all stages of the process of star formation, from the collapse of molecular cloud cores to the formation of protostellar jets. This requires us to have a full understanding of the physical properties…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Cecilia Pinto , Daniele Galli , Francesca Bacciotti

Most observed stars are part of a multiple star system, but the formation of such systems and the role of environment and various physical processes is still poorly understood. We present a suite of radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations…

Because the opacity of clouds in substellar mass object (SMO) atmospheres depends on the composition and distribution of particle sizes within the cloud, a credible cloud model is essential for accurately modeling SMO spectra and colors. We…

In order to theoretically understand dust properties in the circum-galactic medium (CGM), we construct a dust evolution model that incorporates the evolution of grain size distribution. We treat each of the galaxy and the CGM as a one-zone…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-02 Hiroyuki Hirashita

Exoplanet atmosphere characterisation has become an important tool in understanding exoplanet formation, evolution. However, clouds remain a key challenge for characterisation: upcoming space telescopes (e.g. JWST, ARIEL) and ground-based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Dominic Samra , Christiane Helling , Michiel Min

We consider the dynamical evolution of an interstellar cloud that is initially in thermal equilibrium in the warm phase and is then subjected to a sudden increase in the pressure of its surroundings. We find that if the initial plasma beta…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. J. Lim , S. A. E. G. Falle , T. W. Hartquist

Properties of candidate stars, forming out of molecular clouds, depend on the ambient conditions of the parent cloud. We present a series of 2D and 3D simulations of fragmentation of molecular clouds in starburst regions as well as clouds…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 S. Hocuk , M. Spaans

Theoretical formation models and exoplanet detection surveys indicate that systems with multiple giant planets are common. We investigate how multiple super-thermal mass planets embedded in a circumstellar disk shape the dust distribution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 V. Roatti , G. Picogna , F. Marzari

We introduce a model for the large-scale, global 3D structure of molecular clouds. Motivated by the morphological appearance of clouds in surface density maps, we model clouds as cylinders, with the aim of backing out information about the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-12 Nia Imara , John C. Forbes

We present a large suite of MHD simulations of turbulent, star-forming giant molecular clouds(GMCs) with stellar feedback, extending previous work by simulating 10 different random realizations for each point in the parameter space of cloud…

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