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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in the core functions of social, political, and economic life, it catalyzes structural transformations with far-reaching societal implications. This paper advances the concept of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Kyle A Kilian

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) systems suggests that artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems may soon arrive. Many researchers are concerned that AIs and AGIs will harm humans via intentional misuse (AI-misuse)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Catalin Mitelut , Ben Smith , Peter Vamplew

This memorandum presents four recommendations aimed at strengthening the principles of AI model reliability and AI model governability, as DoW, ODNI, NIST, and CAISI refine AI assurance frameworks under the AI Action Plan. Our focus…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Matteo Pistillo , Charlotte Stix

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked growing concerns among experts, policymakers, and world leaders regarding the potential for increasingly advanced AI systems to pose catastrophic risks. Although numerous risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Thomas Woodside

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems present both benefits and risks to society. Safety cases - structured arguments supported by evidence - are one way to help ensure the safe development and deployment of these systems. Yet the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Carmen Cârlan , Francesca Gomez , Yohan Mathew , Ketana Krishna , René King , Peter Gebauer , Ben R. Smith

Prominent AI companies are producing 'safety frameworks' as a type of voluntary self-governance. These statements purport to establish risk thresholds and safety procedures for the development and deployment of highly capable AI.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sam Coggins , Alexander K. Saeri , Katherine A. Daniell , Lorenn P. Ruster , Jessie Liu , Jenny L. Davis

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy

An Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent is a software entity that autonomously performs tasks or makes decisions based on pre-defined objectives and data inputs. AI agents, capable of perceiving user inputs, reasoning and planning tasks, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zehang Deng , Yongjian Guo , Changzhou Han , Wanlun Ma , Junwu Xiong , Sheng Wen , Yang Xiang

In recent years, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming increasingly widespread. These systems allow agents to use various tools, such as web browsers, compilers, and more. However, despite their popularity, agentic AI…

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to advance, protecting human autonomy and promoting ethical decision-making are essential to fostering trust and accountability. Human agency (the capacity of individuals to make…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Laxmiraju Kandikatla , Branislav Radeljic

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Understanding the actions of both humans and artificial intelligence (AI) agents is important before modern AI systems can be fully integrated into our daily life. In this paper, we show that, despite their current huge success, deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Nodens Koren , Qiuhong Ke , Yisen Wang , James Bailey , Xingjun Ma

Artificial intelligence risks are multidimensional in nature, as the same risk scenarios may have legal, operational, and financial risk dimensions. With the emergence of new AI regulations, the state of the art of artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Luis Enriquez Alvarez

As AI adoption expands across human society, the problem of aligning AI models to match human preferences remains a grand challenge. Currently, the AI alignment field is deeply divided between behavioral and representational approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ben Y. Reis , William La Cava

AI systems are increasingly intertwined with daily life, assisting users with various tasks and guiding decision-making. This integration introduces risks of AI-driven manipulation, where such systems may exploit users' cognitive biases and…

Risk-based AI regulation has become the dominant paradigm in AI governance, promising proportional controls aligned with anticipated harms. This paper argues that such frameworks often fail for structural reasons: they implicitly assume…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hugo Roger Paz

A leading proposal for aligning artificial superintelligence (ASI) is to use AI agents to automate an increasing fraction of alignment research as capabilities improve. We argue that, even when research agents are not scheming to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Aleksandr Bowkis , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jacob Pfau , Geoffrey Irving

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

When AI interacts with the physical world -- as a robot or an assistive agent -- new safety challenges emerge beyond those of purely ``digital AI". In such interactions, the potential for physical harm is direct and immediate. How well do…