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Visual embedding models excel at zero-shot tasks like visual retrieval and classification. However, these models cannot be used for tasks that contain ambiguity or require user instruction. These tasks necessitate an embedding model which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Benjamin Schneider , Florian Kerschbaum , Wenhu Chen

Generating informative and knowledge-rich image captions remains a challenge for many existing captioning models, which often produce generic descriptions that lack specificity and contextual depth. To address this limitation, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Reem AlJunaid , Muzammil Behzad

Recent years have witnessed the rapid progress of image captioning. However, the demands for large memory storage and heavy computational burden prevent these captioning models from being deployed on mobile devices. The main obstacles lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Ning Wang , Jiangrong Xie , Hang Luo , Qinglin Cheng , Jihao Wu , Mingbo Jia , Linlin Li

Universal video understanding requires modeling fine-grained visual and audio information over time in diverse real-world scenarios. However, the performance of existing models is primarily constrained by video-instruction data that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yunheng Li , Hengrui Zhang , Meng-Hao Guo , Wenzhao Gao , Shaoyong Jia , Shaohui Jiao , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng

We propose OmniCaptioner, a versatile visual captioning framework for generating fine-grained textual descriptions across a wide variety of visual domains. Unlike prior methods limited to specific image types (e.g., natural images or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yiting Lu , Jiakang Yuan , Zhen Li , Shitian Zhao , Qi Qin , Xinyue Li , Le Zhuo , Licheng Wen , Dongyang Liu , Yuewen Cao , Xiangchao Yan , Xin Li , Tianshuo Peng , Shufei Zhang , Botian Shi , Tao Chen , Zhibo Chen , Lei Bai , Peng Gao , Bo Zhang

We introduce AudioCapBench, a benchmark for evaluating audio captioning capabilities of large multimodal models. \method covers three distinct audio domains, including environmental sound, music, and speech, with 1,000 curated evaluation…

A unified representation space in multi-modal learning is essential for effectively integrating diverse data sources, such as text, images, and audio, to enhance efficiency and performance across various downstream tasks. Recent binding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Minoh Jeong , Zae Myung Kim , Min Namgung , Dongyeop Kang , Yao-Yi Chiang , Alfred Hero

Multi-subject customization aims to synthesize multiple user-specified subjects into a coherent image. To address issues such as subjects missing or conflicts, recent works incorporate layout guidance to provide explicit spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Binhe Yu , Zhen Wang , Kexin Li , Yuqian Yuan , Wenqiao Zhang , Long Chen , Juncheng Li , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs) that process text, images, videos, and audio introduce new challenges for safety and value guardrails in human-AI interaction. Prior guardrail research largely targets unimodal settings and typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Boyu Zhu , Xiaofei Wen , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Tinghui Zhu , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Muhao Chen

Recent multimodal large language models have shown promising ability in generating humorous captions for images, yet they still lack stable control over explicit cultural context, making it difficult to jointly maintain image relevance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Run Xu , Lu Li , Rongzhao Zhang , Jie Xu

Fine-grained perception of multimodal information is critical for advancing human-AI interaction. With recent progress in audio-visual technologies, Omni Language Models (OLMs), capable of processing audio and video signals in parallel,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ziyang Ma , Ruiyang Xu , Zhenghao Xing , Yunfei Chu , Yuxuan Wang , Jinzheng He , Jin Xu , Pheng-Ann Heng , Kai Yu , Junyang Lin , Eng Siong Chng , Xie Chen

Humor, deeply rooted in societal meanings and cultural details, poses a unique challenge for machines. While advances have been made in natural language processing, real-world humor often thrives in a multi-modal context, encapsulated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuyan Chen , Songzhou Yan , Zhihong Zhu , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

Image captioning has long been regarded as a fundamental task in visual understanding. Recently, however, few large vision-language model (LVLM) research discusses model's image captioning performance because of the outdated short-caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hongyuan Dong , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Jiacong Wang , Yuan Zhang , Haoyuan Guo

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer inherent interpretability by initially translating images into human-comprehensible concepts, followed by a linear combination of these concepts for classification. However, the annotation of concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Lei Zhu , Xinliang Zhang , Shuang Zeng , Qian Chen , Yanye Lu

While automated audio captioning (AAC) has made notable progress, traditional fully supervised AAC models still face two critical challenges: the need for expensive audio-text pair data for training and performance degradation when…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiquan Li , Wenxi Chen , Ziyang Ma , Xuenan Xu , Yuzhe Liang , Zhisheng Zheng , Qiuqiang Kong , Xie Chen

Image captioning evaluation remains a significant challenge, as vision-language models evolve toward more challenging capabilities such as generating long-form and context-rich descriptions. State-of-the-art evaluation metrics involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Gomes , Bruno Martins , Chrysoula Zerva

In this work, we aim to analyze and optimize the EnCLAP framework, a state-of-the-art model in automated audio captioning. We investigate the impact of modifying the acoustic encoder components, explore pretraining with different dataset…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Jaeyeon Kim , Minjeon Jeon , Jaeyoon Jung , Sang Hoon Woo , Jinjoo Lee

Automated essay scoring (AES) has advanced significantly with neural language models, yet most systems remain opaque, offering little visibility into how grades are produced. In educational settings, instructors must be able to understand,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kumar Satvik Chaudhary , Chengshuai Zhao , Fan Zhang , Garima Agrawal , Yuli Deng , Huan Liu

We propose EnCLAP, a novel framework for automated audio captioning. EnCLAP employs two acoustic representation models, EnCodec and CLAP, along with a pretrained language model, BART. We also introduce a new training objective called masked…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Jaeyeon Kim , Jaeyoon Jung , Jinjoo Lee , Sang Hoon Woo

Automated audio captioning (AAC), a task that mimics human perception as well as innovatively links audio processing and natural language processing, has overseen much progress over the last few years. AAC requires recognizing contents such…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu