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Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree denoted as $\Delta(G)$. An overfull subgraph $H$ of $G$ is a subgraph satisfying the condition $|E(H)| > \Delta(G)\lfloor \frac{1}{2}|V(H)| \rfloor$. In 1986, Chetwynd and Hilton proposed the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-09 Songling Shan

Strengthened notions of a matching $M$ of a graph $G$ have been considered, requiring that the matching $M$ has some properties with respect to the subgraph $G_M$ of $G$ induced by the vertices covered by $M$: If $M$ is the unique perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Yuquan Lin , Wensong Lin

A normal edge-coloring of a cubic graph is a proper edge-coloring, in which every edge is adjacent to edges colored with four distinct colors or to edges colored with two distinct colors. It is conjectured that $5$ colors suffice for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Igor Fabrici , Borut Lužar , Roman Soták , Diana Švecová

An injective coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colors to the vertices of $G$ so that any two vertices with a common neighbor have distinct colors. A graph $G$ is injectively $k$-choosable if for any list assignment $L$, where…

The famous four color theorem states that for all planar graphs, every vertex can be assigned one of 4 colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. Since Francis Guthrie first conjectured it in 1852, it is until 1976…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Jin Xu

A well-studied concept is that of the total chromatic number. A proper total colouring of a graph is a colouring of both vertices and edges so that every pair of adjacent vertices receive different colours, every pair of adjacent edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-14 Tom Coker , Karen Johannson

An \emph{interval $t$-coloring} of a multigraph $G$ is a proper edge coloring with colors $1,\dots,t$ such that the colors on the edges incident to every vertex of $G$ are colored by consecutive colors. A \emph{cyclic interval $t$-coloring}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Carl Johan Casselgren , Hrant H. Khachatrian , Petros A. Petrosyan

We show that every plane graph with maximum face size four whose all faces of size four are vertex-disjoint is cyclically 5-colorable. This answers a question of Albertson whether graphs drawn in the plane with all crossings independent are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-18 Daniel Král' , Ladislav Stacho

Here we prove that a graph without some three induced subgraphs has chromatic number at the most equal to its maximum clique size plus one. Further we show that the bounds are tight and give examples to show that each of the three forbidden…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-29 Medha Dhurandhar

We prove that up to two exceptions, every connected subcubic triangle-free graph has fractional chromatic number at most 11/4. This is tight unless further exceptional graphs are excluded, and improves the known bound on the fractional…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-31 Zdeněk Dvořák , Bernard Lidický , Luke Postle

It has been conjectured that for every claw-free graph $G$ the choice number of $G$ is equal to its chromatic number. We focus on the special case of this conjecture where $G$ is perfect. Claw-free perfect graphs can be decomposed via…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Sylvain Gravier , Frédéric Maffray , Lucas Pastor

The Four Colour Theorem asserts that the vertices of every plane graph can be properly coloured with four colors. Fabrici and G\"oring conjectured the following stronger statement to also hold: the vertices of every plane graph can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Alex Wendland

A conjecture of Berge suggests that every bridgeless cubic graph can have its edges covered with at most five perfect matchings. Since three perfect matchings suffice only when the graph in question is $3$-edge-colourable, the rest of cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera

A proper coloring $\phi$ of $G$ is called a proper conflict-free coloring of $G$ if for every non-isolated vertex $v$ of $G$, there is a color $c$ such that $|\phi^{-1}(c)\cap N_G(v)|=1$. As an analogy to degree-choosability of graphs, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Masaki Kashima , Riste Škrekovski , Rongxing Xu

Hadwiger's conjecture asserts that every graph without a $K_t$-minor is $(t-1)$-colorable. It is known that the exact version of Hadwiger's conjecture does not extend to list coloring, but it has been conjectured by Kawarabayashi and Mohar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Raphael Steiner

Hadwiger's Conjecture from 1943 states that every graph with no $K_{t}$ minor is $(t-1)$-colorable; it remains wide open for all $t\ge 7$. For positive integers $t$ and $s$, let $\mathcal{K}_t^{-s}$ denote the family of graphs obtained from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-23 Michael Lafferty , Zi-Xia Song

A subgraph $H$ of a multigraph $G$ is overfull if $ |E(H) | > \Delta(G) \lfloor |V(H)|/2 \rfloor$. Analogous to the Overfull Conjecture proposed by Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986, Stiebitz et al. in 2012 formed the multigraph version of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Michael J. Plantholt , Songling Shan

A total-colored graph is a graph $G$ such that both all edges and all vertices of $G$ are colored. A path in a total-colored graph $G$ is a total rainbow path if its edges and internal vertices have distinct colors. A total-colored graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-09 Hui Jiang , Xueliang Li , Yingying Zhang

A graph is said to be {\it total-colored} if all the edges and the vertices of the graph are colored. A total-coloring of a graph is a {\it total monochromatically-connecting coloring} ({\it TMC-coloring}, for short) if any two vertices of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-19 Hui Jiang , Xueliang Li , Yingying Zhang

A planar graph can be embedded in a piecewise linear manifold, and the lattice on each linear piece can be colored with 3-coloring. If a planar graph can be colored with multiple 3-coloring, i.e. coloring the graph in pieces with different…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Shaoqing Li