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In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

Visual navigation is an essential skill for home-assistance robots, providing the object-searching ability to accomplish long-horizon daily tasks. Many recent approaches use Large Language Models (LLMs) for commonsense inference to improve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinxin Zhao , Wenzhe Cai , Likun Tang , Teng Wang

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are set to transform robotic navigation, existing methods often underutilize their reasoning capabilities. To unlock the full potential of VLMs in robotics, we shift their role from passive observers to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mobin Habibpour , Fatemeh Afghah

Reasoning-augmented vision language models (VLMs) generate explicit chains of thought that promise greater capability and transparency but also introduce new failure modes: models may reach correct answers via visually unfaithful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Rheeya Uppaal , Phu Mon Htut , Min Bai , Nikolaos Pappas , Zheng Qi , Sandesh Swamy

Large vision-language models (VLMs) show strong multimodal understanding but still struggle with 3D spatial reasoning, such as distance estimation, size comparison, and cross-view consistency. Existing 3D-aware methods either depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ruosen Zhao , Zhikang Zhang , Jialei Xu , Jiahao Chang , Dong Chen , Lingyun Li , Weijian Sun , Zizhuang Wei

Fine-grained visual reasoning remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The recently introduced ReasonMap highlights this gap by showing that even advanced MLLMs struggle with spatial reasoning in structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sicheng Feng , Kaiwen Tuo , Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang

An embodied AI assistant operating on egocentric video must integrate spatial cues across time - for instance, determining where an object A, glimpsed a few moments ago lies relative to an object B encountered later. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sahithya Ravi , Gabriel Sarch , Vibhav Vineet , Andrew D. Wilson , Balasaravanan Thoravi Kumaravel

Situated reasoning often relies on active exploration, yet in many real-world scenarios such exploration is infeasible due to physical constraints of robots or safety concerns of visually impaired users. Given only a limited observation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ruiping Liu , Yufan Chen , Yuheng Zhang , Junwei Zheng , Kunyu Peng , Chengzhi Wu , Chenguang Huang , Di Wen , Jiaming Zhang , Kailun Yang , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet they struggle with spatial tasks that require mental simulation, such as mental rotation. This paper investigates whether equipping an LLM with an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sergio Y. Hayashi , Nina S. T. Hirata

Despite recent advances on multi-modal models, 3D spatial reasoning remains a challenging task for state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary models. Recent studies explore data-driven approaches and achieve enhanced spatial reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Yu-Cheng Chou , Qihao Liu , Xingrui Wang , Celso de Melo , Jianwen Xie , Alan Yuille

In recent years, as machine learning, particularly for vision and language understanding, has been improved, research in embedded AI has also evolved. VOYAGER is a well-known LLM-based embodied AI that enables autonomous exploration in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Wakana Haijima , Kou Nakakubo , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in general vision-language tasks. However, recent studies have exposed critical limitations in their spatial reasoning capabilities. This deficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Huanyu Zhang , Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yifan Zhang , Haochen Tian , Ivan Vulić , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Furu Wei

Spatial reasoning is central to navigation and robotics, yet measuring model capabilities on these tasks remains difficult. Existing benchmarks evaluate models in a one-shot setting, requiring full solution generation in a single response,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Tianyu Yang , Niklas Bauer , Terry Ruas , Jan Philip Wahle , Bela Gipp

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive results on single-view vision tasks, but lack the multi-view spatial reasoning capabilities essential for embodied AI systems to understand 3D environments and manipulate objects across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Suchae Jeong , Jaehwi Song , Haeone Lee , Hanna Kim , Jian Kim , Dongjun Lee , Dong Kyu Shin , Changyeon Kim , Dongyoon Hahm , Woogyeol Jin , Juheon Choi , Kimin Lee

Though recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across a wide range of multimodal tasks, understanding 3D spatial relationships from limited views remains a significant challenge. Previous reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zhangquan Chen , Manyuan Zhang , Xinlei Yu , Xufang Luo , Mingze Sun , Zihao Pan , Xiang An , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Ruqi Huang

Despite recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on diverse understanding tasks, these models struggle to solve problems which require extensive multi-step reasoning. This is primarily due to the progressive dilution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Byungwoo Jeon , Yoonwoo Jeong , Hyunseok Lee , Minsu Cho , Jinwoo Shin

People with blindness and low vision (pBLV) face significant challenges, struggling to navigate environments and locate objects due to limited visual cues. Spatial reasoning is crucial for these individuals, as it enables them to understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Alexey Magay , Dhurba Tripathi , Yu Hao , Yi Fang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are known to struggle with spatial reasoning and visual alignment. To help overcome these limitations, we introduce iVISPAR, an interactive multimodal benchmark designed to evaluate the spatial reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Julius Mayer , Mohamad Ballout , Serwan Jassim , Farbod Nosrat Nezami , Elia Bruni

Although Multimodal Large Language Models have achieved remarkable progress, they still struggle with complex 3D spatial reasoning due to the reliance on 2D visual priors. Existing approaches typically mitigate this limitation either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jiahua Chen , Qihong Tang , Weinong Wang , Qi Fan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly integrated into object navigation tasks for their rich prior knowledge and strong reasoning abilities. However, applying VLMs to navigation poses two key challenges: effectively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Haokun Zhu , Zongtai Li , Zhixuan Liu , Wenshan Wang , Ji Zhang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh