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In real-world reinforcement learning (RL) scenarios, agents often encounter partial observability, where incomplete or noisy information obscures the true state of the environment. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ashok Arora , Neetesh Kumar

We consider the problem of finding good finite-horizon policies for POMDPs under the expected reward metric. The policies considered are {em free finite-memory policies with limited memory}; a policy is a mapping from the space of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Christopher Lusena , Tong Li , Shelia Sittinger , Chris Wells , Judy Goldsmith

Acting to complete tasks in stochastic partially observable domains is an important problem in artificial intelligence, and is often formulated as a goal-based POMDP. Goal-based POMDPs can be solved using the RTDP-BEL algorithm, that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guy Shani

Solving Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) is hard. Learning optimal controllers for POMDPs when the model is unknown is harder. Online learning of optimal controllers for unknown POMDPs, which requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Mehdi Jafarnia-Jahromi , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Our goal is to compute a policy that guarantees improved return over a baseline policy even when the available MDP model is inaccurate. The inaccurate model may be constructed, for example, by system identification techniques when the true…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-17 Yinlam Chow , Marek Petrik , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are the standard framework for decision-making under uncertainty. While sampling-based methods scale well, they lack formal correctness guarantees, making them unsuitable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Debraj Chakraborty , Anirban Majumdar , Prince Mathew , Sayan Mukherjee , Jean-François Raskin

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) are rich models for cooperative decision-making under uncertainty, but are often intractable to solve optimally (NEXP-complete). The transition and observation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jilles S. Dibangoye , Christopher Amato , Arnoud Doniec

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a general and principled framework for motion planning under uncertainty. Despite tremendous improvement in the scalability of POMDP solvers, long-horizon POMDPs (e.g., $\geq15$…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yuanchu Liang , Edward Kim , Wil Thomason , Zachary Kingston , Hanna Kurniawati , Lydia E. Kavraki

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a principled framework for sequential planning in uncertain single agent settings. An extension of POMDPs to multiagent settings, called interactive POMDPs (I-POMDPs), replaces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Prashant Doshi , Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz

The main goal in task planning is to build a sequence of actions that takes an agent from an initial state to a goal state. In robotics, this is particularly difficult because actions usually have several possible results, and sensors are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Sergio A. Serrano , Elizabeth Santiago , Jose Martinez-Carranza , Eduardo Morales , L. Enrique Sucar

Many real-world decision problems involve the interaction of multiple self-interested agents with limited sensing ability. The partially observable stochastic game (POSG) provides a mathematical framework for modeling these problems,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Tyler Becker , Zachary Sunberg

In partially observable (PO) environments, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents often suffer from unsatisfactory performance, since two problems need to be tackled together: how to extract information from the raw observations to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani

Risk-averse decision-making under uncertainty in partially observable domains is a central challenge in artificial intelligence and is essential for developing reliable autonomous agents. The formal framework for such problems is the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Yaacov Pariente , Vadim Indelman

In key real-world problems, full state information is sometimes available but only at a high cost, like activating precise yet energy-intensive sensors or consulting humans, thereby compelling the agent to operate under partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Raphael Avalos , Eugenio Bargiacchi , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers , Frans A. Oliehoek

Although risk awareness is fundamental to an online operating agent, it has received less attention in the challenging continuous domain and under partial observability. This paper presents a novel formulation and solution for risk-averse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Andrey Zhitnikov , Vadim Indelman

In this paper, we study representation learning in partially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where the agent learns a decoder function that maps a series of high-dimensional raw observations to a compact representation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jiacheng Guo , Zihao Li , Huazheng Wang , Mengdi Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Xuezhou Zhang

We present an alternative view for the study of optimal control of partially observed Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). We first revisit the traditional (and by now standard) separated-design method of reducing the problem to fully…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Serdar Yüksel

Recent benchmarks for memory-augmented reinforcement learning (RL) have introduced partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) environments in which agents must use historical observations to make decisions. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yongyi Wang , Lingfeng Li , Bozhou Chen , Ang Li , Hanyu Liu , Qirui Zheng , Xionghui Yang , Wenxin Li

A natural optimization model that formulates many online resource allocation and revenue management problems is the online linear program (LP) in which the constraint matrix is revealed column by column along with the corresponding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Shipra Agrawal , Zizhuo Wang , Yinyu Ye

We study safe policy improvement (SPI) for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). SPI is an offline reinforcement learning (RL) problem that assumes access to (1) historical data about an environment, and (2) the so-called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Thiago D. Simão , Marnix Suilen , Nils Jansen