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Voice-enabled technology is quickly becoming ubiquitous, and is constituted from machine learning (ML)-enabled components such as speech recognition and voice activity detection. However, these systems don't yet work well for everyone. They…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Kathy Reid , Elizabeth T. Williams

Machine learning (ML) models are used in many safety- and security-critical applications nowadays. It is therefore important to measure the security of a system that uses ML as a component. This paper focuses on the field of ML,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jan Schröder , Jakub Breier

Event log analysis is an important task that security professionals undertake. Event logs record key information on activities that occur on computing devices, and due to the substantial number of events generated, they consume a large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Siraaj Akhtar , Saad Khan , Simon Parkinson

Machine learning (ML) has recently created many new success stories. Hence, there is a strong motivation to use ML technology in software-intensive systems, including safety-critical systems. This raises the issue of safety verification of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Hermann Kaindl , Stefan Kramer

Recently, machine and deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms have been increasingly adopted in many software systems. Due to their inductive nature, ensuring the quality of these systems remains a significant challenge for the research community.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Moses Openja , Foutse Khomh , Armstrong Foundjem , Zhen Ming , Jiang , Mouna Abidi , Ahmed E. Hassan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential as general-purpose AI assistants across various domains. To fully leverage this potential in specific applications, many companies provide fine-tuning API services, enabling users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Jiahao Wu , Weiyu Chen , Zhirui Zhang , Yew-Soon Ong , Qi Wang , Ke Tang

This report documents safety assurance argument templates to support the deployment and operation of autonomous systems that include machine learning (ML) components. The document presents example safety argument templates covering: the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Robin Bloomfield , Gareth Fletcher , Heidy Khlaaf , Luke Hinde , Philippa Ryan

Requirements engineering (RE) activities for machine learning (ML) are not well-established and researched in the literature. Many issues and challenges exist when specifying, designing, and developing ML-enabled systems. Adding more focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Hugo Villamizar , Marcos Kalinowski , Helio lopes

Fine-tuning has emerged as a critical process in leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific downstream tasks, enabling these models to achieve state-of-the-art performance across various domains. However, the fine-tuning process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Hao Du , Shang Liu , Lele Zheng , Yang Cao , Atsuyoshi Nakamura , Lei Chen

The use of machine learning (ML) is on the rise in many sectors of software development, and automotive software development is no different. In particular, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki

The integration of renewable and distributed energy resources reshapes modern power systems, challenging conventional protection schemes. This scoping review synthesizes recent literature on machine learning (ML) applications in power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Julian Oelhaf , Georg Kordowich , Mehran Pashaei , Christian Bergler , Andreas Maier , Johann Jäger , Siming Bayer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools across various domains within cyber security. Notably, recent studies are increasingly exploring LLMs applied to the context of blockchain security (BS). However, there remains a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zheyuan He , Zihao Li , Sen Yang , He Ye , Ao Qiao , Xiaosong Zhang , Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

With LLMs increasingly deployed in corporate data management, it is crucial to ensure that these models do not leak sensitive information. In the context of corporate data management, the concept of sensitivity awareness has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Dren Fazlija , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Daniel Kudenko , Sandipan Sikdar

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved record adoption in a short period of time across many different sectors including high importance areas such as education [4] and healthcare [23]. LLMs are open-ended models trained on diverse data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Herve Debar , Sven Dietrich , Pavel Laskov , Emil C. Lupu , Eirini Ntoutsi

Modern life has witnessed the explosion of mobile devices. However, besides the valuable features that bring convenience to end users, security and privacy risks still threaten users of mobile apps. The increasing sophistication of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen , Barbara Carminati , Elena Ferrari

Advances in machine learning are closely tied to the creation of datasets. While data documentation is widely recognized as essential to the reliability, reproducibility, and transparency of ML, we lack a systematic empirical understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Xinyu Yang , Weixin Liang , James Zou

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

Increasing availability of machine learning (ML) frameworks and tools, as well as their promise to improve solutions to data-driven decision problems, has resulted in popularity of using ML techniques in software systems. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Grace A. Lewis , Stephany Bellomo , Ipek Ozkaya

Despite the promises of ML in education, its adoption in the classroom has surfaced numerous issues regarding fairness, accountability, and transparency, as well as concerns about data privacy and student consent. A root cause of these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Mei Tan , Hansol Lee , Dakuo Wang , Hariharan Subramonyam

The success and wide adoption of generative AI (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has attracted the attention of cybercriminals seeking to abuse models, steal sensitive data, or disrupt services. Moreover, providing…