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Formal verification has emerged as a powerful approach to ensure the safety and reliability of deep neural networks. However, current verification tools are limited to only a handful of properties that can be expressed as first-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Xuan Xie , Kristian Kersting , Daniel Neider

Widespread adoption of autonomous cars will require greater confidence in their safety than is currently possible. Certified control is a new safety architecture whose goal is two-fold: to achieve a very high level of safety, and to provide…

Various techniques have been used in recent years for verifying quantum computers, that is, for determining whether a quantum computer/system satisfies a given formal specification of correctness. Barrier certificates are a recent novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

We consider the problem of verifying safety for continuous-time dynamical systems. Developing upon recent advancements in data-driven verification, we use only a finite number of sampled trajectories to learn a barrier certificate, namely a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Luke Rickard , Alessandro Abate , Kostas Margellos

In this paper, we consider the problem of certifying the robustness of neural networks to perturbed and adversarial input data. Such certification is imperative for the application of neural networks in safety-critical decision-making and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Brendon G. Anderson , Ziye Ma , Jingqi Li , Somayeh Sojoudi

Learning-enabled control systems have demonstrated impressive empirical performance on challenging control problems in robotics, but this performance comes at the cost of reduced transparency and lack of guarantees on the safety or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Charles Dawson , Sicun Gao , Chuchu Fan

In model-based reinforcement learning for safety-critical control systems, it is important to formally certify system properties (e.g., safety, stability) under the learned controller. However, as existing methods typically apply formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Yixuan Wang , Simon Zhan , Zhilu Wang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Ensuring safety in autonomous systems with vision-based control remains a critical challenge due to the high dimensionality of image inputs and the fact that the relationship between true system state and its visual manifestation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xinhang Ma , Junlin Wu , Hussein Sibai , Yiannis Kantaros , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

An emerging branch of control theory specialises in certificate learning, concerning the specification of a desired (possibly complex) system behaviour for an autonomous or control model, which is then analytically verified by means of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Alec Edwards , Andrea Peruffo , Alessandro Abate

Formal verification of neural networks is essential before their deployment in safety-critical applications. However, existing methods for formally verifying neural networks are not yet scalable enough to handle practical problems under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Learning-based methods could provide solutions to many of the long-standing challenges in control. However, the neural networks (NNs) commonly used in modern learning approaches present substantial challenges for analyzing the resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Michael Everett

Providing formal guarantees for neural network-based controllers in large-scale interconnected systems remains a fundamental challenge. In particular, using neural certificates to capture cooperative interactions and verifying these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Jingyuan Zhou , Haoze Wu , Kaidi Yang

Neural Networks (NNs) have increasingly apparent safety implications commensurate with their proliferation in real-world applications: both unanticipated as well as adversarial misclassifications can result in fatal outcomes. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Haitham Khedr , James Ferlez , Yasser Shoukry

Algorithmic verification of realistic systems to satisfy safety and other temporal requirements has suffered from poor scalability of the employed formal approaches. To design systems with rigorous guarantees, many approaches still rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Oliver Schön , Zhengang Zhong , Sadegh Soudjani

Deep neural networks have emerged as a widely used and effective means for tackling complex, real-world problems. However, a major obstacle in applying them to safety-critical systems is the great difficulty in providing formal guarantees…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Guy Katz , Clark Barrett , David Dill , Kyle Julian , Mykel Kochenderfer

Recent advances in Deep Machine Learning have shown promise in solving complex perception and control loops via methods such as reinforcement and imitation learning. However, guaranteeing safety for such learned deep policies has been a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Tom Hirshberg , Sai Vemprala , Ashish Kapoor

The increasing use of machine learning in safety-critical domains amplifies the risk of adversarial threats, especially data poisoning attacks that corrupt training data to degrade performance or induce unsafe behavior. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sara Taheri , Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar , Majid Zamani

In the current control design of safety-critical autonomous systems, formal verification techniques are typically applied after the controller is designed to evaluate whether the required properties (e.g., safety) are satisfied. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Yixuan Wang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhilu Wang , Qi Zhu

Synthesising safe controllers from visual data typically requires extensive supervised labelling of safety-critical data, which is often impractical in real-world settings. Recent advances in world models enable reliable prediction in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mehul Anand , Shishir Kolathaya

This paper presents an application of specification based runtime verification techniques to control mobile robots in a reactive manner. In our case study, we develop a layered control architecture where runtime monitors constructed from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Dogan Ulus , Calin Belta