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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

This paper presents a novel approach towards creating a foundational model for aligning neural data and visual stimuli across multimodal representationsof brain activity by leveraging contrastive learning. We used electroencephalography…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Matteo Ferrante , Tommaso Boccato , Grigorii Rashkov , Nicola Toschi

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a cost-effective, highly accessible and widely employed diagnostic tool. With the advent of Foundation Models (FMs), the field of AI-assisted ECG interpretation has begun to evolve, as they enable model reuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Francesca Filice , Edoardo De Rose , Simone Bartucci , Francesco Calimeri , Simona Perri

Physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECG) and electroencephalograms (EEG) provide complementary insights into human health and cognition, yet multi-modal integration is challenging due to limited multi-modal labeled data, and…

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables direct communication between the brain and external devices through electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, existing decoding models often mix common and personalized components,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Xiaoyuan Li , Xinru Xue , Bohan Zhang , Ye Sun , Shoushuo Xi , Gang Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain electrical activity, widely used in brain-computer interface (BCI) and healthcare. Recent EEG foundation models trained on large-scale datasets have shown improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yi Ding , Muyun Jiang , Weibang Jiang , Shuailei Zhang , Xinliang Zhou , Chenyu Liu , Shanglin Li , Yong Li , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Brain-Machine Interfacing (BMI) has greatly benefited from adopting machine learning methods for feature learning that require extensive data for training, which are often unavailable from a single dataset. Yet, it is difficult to combine…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Jinpei Han , Xiaoxi Wei , A. Aldo Faisal

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) suffer from accuracy degradation as neural signals drift over time and vary across users, requiring frequent recalibration that limits practical deployment. We introduce EDAPT, a task- and model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lisa Haxel , Jaivardhan Kapoor , Ulf Ziemann , Jakob H. Macke

Biomedical decision making involves multiple signal processing, either from different sensors or from different channels. In both cases, information fusion plays a significant role. A deep learning based electroencephalogram channels'…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Fábio Mendonça , Sheikh Shanawaz Mostafa , Diogo Freitas , Fernando Morgado-Dias , Antonio G. Ravelo-García

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) face significant deployment challenges due to inter-subject variability, signal non-stationarity, and computational constraints. While test-time adaptation (TTA) mitigates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siyang Li , Jiayi Ouyang , Zhenyao Cui , Ziwei Wang , Tianwang Jia , Feng Wan , Dongrui Wu

The significant inter-subject variability in electroen-cephalogram (EEG) signals often results in substantial changes to neural network weights as data distributions shift. This variability frequently causes catastrophic forgetting in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Dan Li , Hye-Bin Shin , Kang Yin , Seong-Whan Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based P300 brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication without physical movement by detecting stimulus-evoked neural responses. Accurate and efficient decoding remains challenging due to high…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-02 Guoxuan Ma , Yuan Zhong , Moyan Li , Yuxiao Nie , Jian Kang

Several methods have been developed to extract information from electroencephalograms (EEG). One of them is Phase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC) which is a type of Cross-Frequency Coupling (CFC) method, consisting in measure the synchronization…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-13 Marco A. Formoso , Andrés Ortiz , Francisco J. Martínez-Murcia , Nicolás Gallego-Molina , Juan L. Luque

Recent advances in large-scale pre-trained Electroencephalogram (EEG) models have shown great promise, driving progress in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and healthcare applications. However, despite their success, many existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Konstantinos Barmpas , Na Lee , Yannis Panagakis , Dimitrios A. Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Motor Execution (ME) and Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) signals offer a direct pathway for human-machine interaction. However, developing robust decoding models remains challenging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Yiqiao Chen , Zijian Huang , Juchi He , Fazheng Xu , Zhenghui Feng

Electroencephalography (EEG) signal decoding is a key technology that translates brain activity into executable commands, laying the foundation for direct brain-machine interfacing and intelligent interaction. To address the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Xiangrui Cai , Shaocheng Ma , Lei Cao , Jie Li , Tianyu Liu , Yilin Dong

This paper proposes a novel framework for automatically capturing the time-frequency nature of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of human sleep based on the authoritative sleep medicine guidance. The framework consists of two parts: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Zheng Chen , Ziwei Yang , Lingwei Zhu , Wei Chen , Toshiyo Tamura , Naoaki Ono , MD Altaf-Ul-Amin , Shigehiko Kanaya , Ming Huang

Neural decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) remains fundamentally limited by poor generalization to unseen subjects, driven by high inter-subject variability and the lack of large-scale datasets to model it effectively. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mengchun Zhang , Kateryna Shapovalenko , Yucheng Shao , Eddie Guo , Parusha Pradhan

Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are transforming neuroscience by enabling scalable and transferable learning from neural signals, advancing both clinical diagnostics and cutting-edge neuroscience exploration. Their emergence is powered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fanqi Shen , Enhong Yang , Jiahe Li , Junru Hong , Xiaoran Pan , Zhizhang Yuan , Meng Li , Yang Yang