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We summarize the potential impact that the European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation will have on the routine use of machine learning algorithms. Slated to take effect as law across the EU in 2018, it will restrict automated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Bryce Goodman , Seth Flaxman

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that will replace the existing Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018. The most significant change is a huge increase in the maximum fine that can be levied for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 John KC Kingston

Given AI systems like ChatGPT can generate content that is indistinguishable from human-made work, the responsible use of this technology is a growing concern. Although understanding the benefits and harms of using AI systems requires more…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Saif M. Mohammad , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) came into force in the European Union (EU) on 1 August 2024. It is a key piece of legislation both for the citizens at the heart of AI technologies and for the industry active in the internal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Marion Ho-Dac

Artificial general intelligence (AGI)--defined here as AI systems that match or exceed humans at most economically useful cognitive work--has moved from speculation to the centre of political and strategic debate. This paper examines three…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a critical gap in consumer protection due to the lack of standardized certification processes for LLM-powered Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. This paper argues that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wesley Pasfield

Today's AI agents are built on large language models (LLMs) equipped with tools to access and modify external environments, such as corporate file systems, API-accessible platforms and websites. AI agents offer the promise of automating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Merlin Stein

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields, including medicine and mental health support. One promising application is ChatGPT, an advanced conversational AI model that uses deep learning techniques to provide human-like…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-16 Farzan Vahedifard , Atieh Sadeghniiat Haghighi , Tirth Dave , Mohammad Tolouei , Fateme Hoshyar Zare

ChatGPT is another large language model (LLM) vastly available for the consumers on their devices but due to its performance and ability to converse effectively, it has gained a huge popularity amongst research as well as industrial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sunder Ali Khowaja , Parus Khuwaja , Kapal Dev , Weizheng Wang , Lewis Nkenyereye

Chatbots are more and more prevalent in commercial and science contexts. They help customers complain about a product or service or support them to find the best travel deals. Other bots provide mental health support or help book medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Doris Dippold

Generative AI tools such as chatGPT are poised to change the way people engage with online information. Recently, Microsoft announced their "new Bing" search system which incorporates chat and generative AI technology from OpenAI. Google…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Robert Capra , Jaime Arguello

With the upcoming enforcement of the EU AI Act, documentation of high-risk AI systems and their risk management information will become a legal requirement playing a pivotal role in demonstration of compliance. Despite its importance, there…

The ubiquity of systems using artificial intelligence or "AI" has brought increasing attention to how those systems should be regulated. The choice of how to regulate AI systems will require care. AI systems have the potential to synthesize…

Agentic AI is shifting the cybersecurity landscape as attackers and defenders leverage AI agents to augment humans and automate common tasks. In this article, we examine the implications for cyber warfare and global politics as Agentic AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Sean Oesch , Jack Hutchins , Phillipe Austria , Amul Chaulagain

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present unique challenges for policymakers that seek to govern the technology. In this context, the Delphi method has become an established way to identify consensus and disagreement on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Atte Ojanen , Johannes Anttila , Thilo H. K. Thelitz , Anna Bjork

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of powerful AI chatbots capable of engaging in natural and human-like conversations. However, these chatbots can be potentially harmful, exhibiting manipulative,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Baihan Lin , Djallel Bouneffouf , Guillermo Cecchi , Kush R. Varshney

Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially AI agents, is increasingly being applied to chemistry, healthcare, and manufacturing to enhance productivity. In this review, we discuss the progress of AI and agentic AI in areas related to, and…

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support cybersecurity operations is now a consolidated practice, e.g., to detect malicious code or configure traffic filtering policies. The recent surge of AI, generative techniques and frameworks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Enrico Cambiaso , Luca Caviglione

This paper delves into the realm of ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot that utilizes topic modeling and reinforcement learning to generate natural responses. Although ChatGPT holds immense promise across various industries, such as customer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Xiaodong Wu , Ran Duan , Jianbing Ni

Providing the best customer experience is one of the primary concerns for the firms that are based online. The advancement of machine learning is revolutionising the company's attitude towards the client through improving the service…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Rejwan Bin Sulaiman