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Whereas most brain-computer interface research has focused on decoding neural signals into behavior or intent, the reverse challenge-using controlled stimuli to steer brain activity-remains far less understood, particularly in the visual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dongyang Li , Kunpeng Xie , Mingyang Wu , Yiwei Kong , Jiahua Tang , Haoyang Qin , Chen Wei , Quanying Liu

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide potential for applications ranging from medical rehabilitation to cognitive state assessment by establishing direct communication pathways between the brain and external devices via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuheng Chen , Dingkun Liu , Xinyao Yang , Xinping Xu , Baicheng Chen , Dongrui Wu

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Motor Execution (ME) and Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) signals offer a direct pathway for human-machine interaction. However, developing robust decoding models remains challenging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Yiqiao Chen , Zijian Huang , Juchi He , Fazheng Xu , Zhenghui Feng

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in image generation task, where users can create visually astonishing images with high-quality. However, existing text-to-image diffusion models are proficient in generating concrete concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jingyuan Yang , Jiawei Feng , Hui Huang

The significant inter-subject variability in electroen-cephalogram (EEG) signals often results in substantial changes to neural network weights as data distributions shift. This variability frequently causes catastrophic forgetting in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Dan Li , Hye-Bin Shin , Kang Yin , Seong-Whan Lee

Intracranial EEG (iEEG) provides high-fidelity neural recordings essential for clinical and brain-computer interface applications, but acquiring these signals requires invasive surgery. While recent studies have attempted to estimate iEEG…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tien-Dat Pham , Xuan-The Tran

This article proposes a novel framework that utilizes an over-the-air Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) to learn Metaverse users' expectations. By interpreting users' brain activities, our framework can optimize physical resources and enhance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nguyen Quang Hieu , Dinh Thai Hoang , Diep N. Nguyen , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Yong Xiao , Eryk Dutkiewicz

The decoding of linguistic information from electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains an extremely challenging problem in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. In particular, sentence-level decoding from EEG is difficult due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Enrico Collautti , Xiaopeng Mao , Luca Tonin , Stefano Tortora , Sadasivan Puthusserypady

Electroencephalography (EEG) has become one of the key modalities underpinning brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) due to its high temporal resolution, rapid responsiveness, non-invasiveness, low cost, and portability. However, EEG signals are…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-17 Yihang Dong , Changhong Jing , Shuqiang Wang

The task of Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is paramount to the development of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, to reach the goal of developing robust, useful BCIs depends heavily on the speed and the accuracy at which BCIs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-08 Eric Modesitt , Haicheng Yin , Williams Huang Wang , Brian Lu

In recent years, brain-computer interfaces have made advances in decoding various motor-related tasks, including gesture recognition and movement classification, utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG) data. These developments are fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Jun-Young Kim , Deok-Seon Kim , Seo-Hyun Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based visual perception reconstruction has become an important area of research. Neuroscientific studies indicate that humans can decode imagined 3D objects by perceiving or imagining various visual information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Xin Xiang , Wenhui Zhou , Guojun Dai

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based P300 brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication without physical movement by detecting stimulus-evoked neural responses. Accurate and efficient decoding remains challenging due to high…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-02 Guoxuan Ma , Yuan Zhong , Moyan Li , Yuxiao Nie , Jian Kang

Decoding and expressing brain activity in a comprehensible form is a challenging frontier in AI. This paper presents Thought2Text, which uses instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned with EEG data to achieve this goal. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Abhijit Mishra , Shreya Shukla , Jose Torres , Jacek Gwizdka , Shounak Roychowdhury

Decoding continuous language from neural signals remains a significant challenge in the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence. We introduce Neuro2Semantic, a novel framework that reconstructs the semantic content of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siavash Shams , Richard Antonello , Gavin Mischler , Stephan Bickel , Ashesh Mehta , Nima Mesgarani

Image captioning evaluation remains a significant challenge, as vision-language models evolve toward more challenging capabilities such as generating long-form and context-rich descriptions. State-of-the-art evaluation metrics involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Gomes , Bruno Martins , Chrysoula Zerva

Assistive systems for visually impaired individuals must deliver rapid, interpretable, and adaptive feedback to facilitate real-time navigation. Current approaches face a trade-off between latency and semantic richness: natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruxiao Chen , Dezheng Han , Wenjie Han , Shuaishuai Guo

This study introduces a pioneering approach in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, featuring our novel concept of high-level visual imagery for non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG)-based communication. High-level visual imagery,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Byoung-Hee Kwon , Minji Lee , Seong-Whan Lee

In the field of autonomous vehicles (AVs), accurately discerning commander intent and executing linguistic commands within a visual context presents a significant challenge. This paper introduces a sophisticated encoder-decoder framework,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haicheng Liao , Huanming Shen , Zhenning Li , Chengyue Wang , Guofa Li , Yiming Bie , Chengzhong Xu

Image paragraph generation is the task of producing a coherent story (usually a paragraph) that describes the visual content of an image. The problem nevertheless is not trivial especially when there are multiple descriptive and diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jing Wang , Yingwei Pan , Ting Yao , Jinhui Tang , Tao Mei