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Machine reasoning has made great progress in recent years owing to large language models (LLMs). In the clinical domain, however, most NLP-driven projects mainly focus on clinical classification or reading comprehension, and under-explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Taeyoon Kwon , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Dongjin Kang , Seungjun Moon , Jeong Ryong Lee , Dosik Hwang , Yongsik Sim , Beomseok Sohn , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

As lung cancer evolves, the presence of enlarged and potentially malignant lymph nodes must be assessed to properly estimate disease progression and select the best treatment strategy. Following the clinical guidelines, estimation of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 David Bouget , André Pedersen , Johanna Vanel , Haakon O. Leira , Thomas Langø

The increasing global prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression and PTSD, requires objective and scalable diagnostic tools. Traditional clinical assessments often face limitations in accessibility, objectivity, and consistency.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-03 Abdelrahaman A. Hassan , Abdelrahman A. Ali , Aya E. Fouda , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda

Purpose: We perform anatomical landmarking for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones without explicitly segmenting them. Towards this, we propose a new simple yet efficient deep network architecture, called \textit{relational reasoning network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Neslisah Torosdagli , Syed Anwar , Payal Verma , Denise K Liberton , Janice S. Lee , Wade W. Han , Ulas Bagci

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for dental image analysis. However, their ability to capture the multi-level cognitive processes required for radiographic analysis remains unclear. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Rongyang Wang , Shuang Zhou , Jiashuo Wang , Wenya Xie , Xiaoxia Che

Despite significant progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their clinical reasoning capacity for multi-modal diagnosis remains largely unexamined. Current benchmarks, mostly single-modality data, can't evaluate progressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gui Wang , Zehao Zhong , YongSong Zhou , Yudong Li , Ende Wu , Wooi Ping Cheah , Rong Qu , Jianfeng Ren , Linlin Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on logical reasoning benchmarks, yet their reliability remains uncertain. Existing evaluations rely on static benchmarks, which fail to assess robustness under logically equivalent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zenghui Zhou , Man Li , Xiaoke Fang , Xinyi Zhou , Weibin Li , Zheng Zheng

Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in men. There is a growing demand for noninvasively and accurately diagnostic methods that facilitate the current standard prostate cancer risk assessment in clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-30 Ping-Chang Lin , Teodora Szasz , Hakizumwami B. Runesha

Purpose; The purpose of this study is to classify glial tumors into grade II, III and IV categories noninvasively by application of machine learning to multi-modal MRI features in comparison with volumetric analysis. Methods; We…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-16 Sevcan Turk , Kaya Oguz , Mehmet Orman , Emre Caliskan , Yesim Ertan , Erkin Ozgiray , Taner Akalin , Ashok Srinivasan , Omer Kitis

Early diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging due to biological uncertainty and the limited understanding of the biological mechanisms driving nodule progression. To address this, we propose Nodule-Aligned Multimodal (Latent) Diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Song , Yifan Wang , Chuan Zhou , Liyue Shen

Machine learning-based imaging diagnostics has recently reached or even superseded the level of clinical experts in several clinical domains. However, classification decisions of a trained machine learning system are typically…

AI tools in pathology have improved screening throughput, standardized quantification, and revealed prognostic patterns that inform treatment. However, adoption remains limited because most systems still lack the human-readable reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yunqi Hong , Johnson Kao , Liam Edwards , Nein-Tzu Liu , Chung-Yen Huang , Alex Oliveira-Kowaleski , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Neil Y. C. Lin

The evaluation of lymph node metastases plays a crucial role in achieving precise cancer staging, influencing subsequent decisions regarding treatment options. Lymph node detection poses challenges due to the presence of unclear boundaries…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Sofija Engelson , Jan Ehrhardt , Timo Kepp , Joshua Niemeijer , Heinz Handels

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in multimodal reasoning and have shown impressive performance on various multimodal benchmarks. However, most of these benchmarks evaluate models primarily through multiple-choice or short-answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Haofeng Wang , Yu Zhang

Treatment decisions for brain metastatic disease rely on knowledge of the primary organ site, and currently made with biopsy and histology. Here we develop a novel deep learning approach for accurate non-invasive digital histology with…

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

We describe a new multiresolution "nested encoder-decoder" convolutional network architecture and use it to annotate morphological patterns in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images of human skin for aiding cancer diagnosis. Skin…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Alican Bozkurt , Kivanc Kose , Christi Alessi-Fox , Melissa Gill , Dana H. Brooks , Jennifer G. Dy , Milind Rajadhyaksha

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

Medical Decision-Making (MDM) is a complex process requiring substantial domain-specific expertise to effectively synthesize heterogeneous and complicated clinical information. While recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Liuxin Bao , Zhihao Peng , Xiaofei Zhou , Runmin Cong , Jiyong Zhang , Yixuan Yuan

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao