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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in simulating human behavior, yet existing agents often exhibit behavioral rigidity, a flaw frequently masked by the self-referential bias of current "LLM-as-a-judge" evaluations. By…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 TianZe Zhang , Sirui Sun , Yuhang Xie , Xin Zhang , Zhiqiang Wu , Guojie Song

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values has become increasingly important as their influence on human behavior and decision-making expands. However, existing steering-based alignment methods suffer from limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yonghui Yang , Junwei Li , Jilong Liu , Yicheng He , Fengbin Zhu , Weibiao Huang , Le Wu , Richang Hong , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models integrating textual and visual inputs have introduced new possibilities for interpreting complex data. Despite their remarkable ability to generate coherent and contextually relevant text based on visual stimuli, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Giulio Antonio Abbo , Tony Belpaeme

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

We propose Reinforcement Learning with Explicit Human Values (RLEV), a method that aligns Large Language Model (LLM) optimization directly with quantifiable human value signals. While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Dian Yu , Yulai Zhao , Kishan Panaganti , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit homogenized cultural perspectives. While the World Values Survey (WVS) provides a gold standard for mapping human values, traditional direct prompting of LLMs on WVS often fails to access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Trung Duc Anh Dang , Sarah Masud

As large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed across various domains, the ability to control their generated outputs has become more critical. This control involves aligning LLMs outputs with human values and ethical principles or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Hanyu Zhang , Xiting Wang , Chengao Li , Xiang Ao , Qing He

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning them with human values for safety and ethics has become a critical challenge. This problem is especially challenging when multiple, potentially conflicting human values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hefei Xu , Le Wu , Chen Cheng , Hao Liu

Sentence representations are foundational to many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. While recent methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to derive sentence representations, most rely on final-layer hidden states, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yeqin Zhang , Yunfei Wang , Jiaxuan Chen , Ke Qin , Yizheng Zhao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Despite careful safety alignment, current large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to various attacks. To further unveil the safety risks of LLMs, we introduce a Safety Concept Activation Vector (SCAV) framework, which effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhihao Xu , Ruixuan Huang , Changyu Chen , Xiting Wang

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with nuanced human values remains a critical challenge, as existing methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) often handle only coarse-grained attributes. In practice, fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jiawei Chen , Tianzhuo Yang , Guoxi Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yaodong Yang , Juntao Dai

Large language models are typically fine-tuned to align with human preferences, but tuning large models is computationally intensive and complex. In this work, we introduce $\textit{Integrated Value Guidance}$ (IVG), a method that uses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhixuan Liu , Zhanhui Zhou , Yuanfu Wang , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate a remarkable capacity to adopt different personas and roles; however, it remains unclear whether they can manifest behavior that adheres to a coherent, human-like value structure. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Asaf Yehudai , Naama Rozen , Ariel Gera

Human values and their measurement are long-standing interdisciplinary inquiry. Recent advances in AI have sparked renewed interest in this area, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as both tools and subjects of value measurement.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Haoran Ye , Yuhang Xie , Yuanyi Ren , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses potential risks such as generating unethical content. Assessing LLMs' values can help expose their misalignment, but relies on reference-free evaluators, e.g., fine-tuned LLMs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

The widespread application of LLMs across various tasks and fields has necessitated the alignment of these models with human values and preferences. Given various approaches of human value alignment, there is an urgent need to understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Delong Chen , Yejin Bang , Leila Khalatbari , Bryan Wilie , Ziwei Ji , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Big models, exemplified by Large Language Models (LLMs), are models typically pre-trained on massive data and comprised of enormous parameters, which not only obtain significantly improved performance across diverse tasks but also present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie

Large Language Models (LLM) technology is constantly improving towards human-like dialogue. Values are a basic driving force underlying human behavior, but little research has been done to study the values exhibited in text generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Naama Rozen , Liat Bezalel , Gal Elidan , Amir Globerson , Ella Daniel

In high-stakes domains, small task-specific vision models are crucial due to their low computational requirements and the availability of numerous methods to explain their results. However, these explanations often reveal that the models do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alexander Koebler , Lukas Kuhn , Ingo Thon , Florian Buettner
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