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Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daulet Toibazar , Kesen Wang , Sherif Mohamed , Abdulaziz Al-Badawi , Abdulrahman Alfulayt , Pedro J. Moreno

Recent vision language models (VLMs) have made remarkable strides in generative modeling with multimodal inputs, particularly text and images. However, their susceptibility to generating harmful content when exposed to unsafe queries raises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yiwei Chen , Yuguang Yao , Yihua Zhang , Bingquan Shen , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu

Advances in vision language models (VLMs) have enabled the simulation of general human behavior through their reasoning and problem solving capabilities. However, prior research has not investigated such simulation capabilities in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Rosiana Natalie , Wenqian Xu , Ruei-Che Chang , Rada Mihalcea , Anhong Guo

Large-scale vision-and-language models, such as CLIP, are typically trained on web-scale data, which can introduce inappropriate content and lead to the development of unsafe and biased behavior. This, in turn, hampers their applicability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Samuele Poppi , Tobia Poppi , Federico Cocchi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained popularity for their strong open vocabulary classification performance, but they are prone to assigning high confidence scores to misclassifications, limiting their reliability in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhenxiang Lin , Maryam Haghighat , Will Browne , Dimity Miller

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence by integrating image-processing capabilities with textual understanding, thereby enhancing user interactions and expanding application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Madhur Jindal , Saurabh Deshpande

Accurate rejection of sensitive or harmful visual content, i.e., harmful image guardrail, is critical in many application scenarios. This task must continuously adapt to the evolving safety policies and content across various domains and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Caiyong Piao , Zhiyuan Yan , Haoming Xu , Yunzhen Zhao , Kaiqing Lin , Feiyang Xu , Shuigeng Zhou

Recent studies reveal that integrating new modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Vision-Language Models (VLMs), creates a new attack surface that bypasses existing safety training techniques like Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Trishna Chakraborty , Erfan Shayegani , Zikui Cai , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , M. Salman Asif , Yue Dong , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown capabilities in interpreting visual content, but their reliability in safety-critical scenarios remains insufficiently explored. We introduce VERI, a diagnostic benchmark comprising 200 synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dasol Choi , Seunghyun Lee , Youngsook Song

Recent studies reveal that vision-language models (VLMs) become more susceptible to harmful requests and jailbreak attacks after integrating the vision modality, exhibiting greater vulnerability than their text-only LLM backbones. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Xiaohan Zou , Jian Kang , George Kesidis , Lu Lin

Recently, driven by advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Vision Language Action Models (VLAMs) are being proposed to achieve better performance in open-vocabulary scenarios for robotic manipulation tasks. Since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Yichi Wang , Chengyuan Yu , Mengshu Sun , Qiang Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Yijie Guo , Ning Liu , Kaidi Xu , Jize Zhang , Chao Shen , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine visual and textual understanding, rendering them well-suited for diverse tasks like generating image captions and answering visual questions across various domains. However, these capabilities are built…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Simone Caldarella , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci , Rahaf Aljundi

VLMs (Vision-Language Models) extend the capabilities of LLMs (Large Language Models) to accept multimodal inputs. Since it has been verified that LLMs can be induced to generate harmful or inaccurate content through specific test cases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Mukai Li , Lei Li , Yuwei Yin , Masood Ahmed , Zhenguang Liu , Qi Liu

Workplace accidents due to personal protective equipment (PPE) non-compliance raise serious safety concerns and lead to legal liabilities, financial penalties, and reputational damage. While object detection models have shown the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Zhiling Chen , Hanning Chen , Mohsen Imani , Ruimin Chen , Farhad Imani

In question-answering scenarios, humans can assess whether the available information is sufficient and seek additional information if necessary, rather than providing a forced answer. In contrast, Vision Language Models (VLMs) typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Liu , Diji Yang , Sijia Zhong , Kalyana Suma Sree Tholeti , Lei Ding , Yi Zhang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in globally distributed applications, such as tourism assistants, yet their ability to produce culturally appropriate responses remains underexplored. Existing multimodal safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Haoyi Qiu , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Ruichen Zheng , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

Recent advances in open-source vision-language models (VLMs) offer new opportunities for understanding complex and subjective multimodal phenomena such as sarcasm. In this work, we evaluate seven state-of-the-art VLMs - BLIP2, InstructBLIP,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Saroj Basnet , Shafkat Farabi , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Diptesh Kanoji , Marcos Zampieri

Current Vision Language Models (VLMs) remain vulnerable to malicious prompts that induce harmful outputs. Existing safety benchmarks for VLMs primarily rely on automated evaluation methods, but these methods struggle to detect implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonjun Lee , Doehyeon Lee , Eugene Choi , Sangyoon Yu , Ashkan Yousefpour , Haon Park , Bumsub Ham , Suhyun Kim

Safety hazard identification and prevention are the key elements of proactive safety management. Previous research has extensively explored the applications of computer vision to automatically identify hazards from image clips collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Muhammad Adil , Gaang Lee , Vicente A. Gonzalez , Qipei Mei