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The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari

Smishing (SMS phishing) has become a serious cybersecurity threat, especially for elderly and cyber-unaware individuals, causing financial loss and undermining user trust. Although prior work has focused on detecting smishing at the level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Carl Lochstampfor , Ayan Roy

Phishing attacks have become a serious and challenging issue for detection, explanation, and defense. Despite more than a decade of research on phishing, encompassing both technical and non-technical remedies, phishing continues to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Van Nguyen , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Marthie Grobler , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph

With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, or even credentials and passwords. This type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Moitrayee Chatterjee , Akbar Siami Namin

Rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) have enabled increasingly sophisticated face forgeries, posing a significant threat to social security. However, current Deepfake detection methods are limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Changtao Miao , Yi Zhang , Man Luo , Weiwei Feng , Kaiyuan Zheng , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Jianshu Li , Yunfeng Diao , Wei Zhou , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Hao

Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Aanchal Jain , Vineet Richariya

Phishing is a well-known cybersecurity attack that has rapidly increased in recent years. It poses legitimate risks to businesses, government agencies, and all users due to sensitive data breaches, subsequent financial and productivity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Andrew Kim , Zachary Tingle , Christena Nippert-Eng

Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Luke Barlow , Gueltoum Bendiaby , Stavros Shiaelesy , Nick Savage

The widespread use of face retouching filters on short-video platforms has raised concerns about the authenticity of digital appearances and the impact of deceptive advertising. To address these issues, there is a pressing need to develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Qichao Ying , Jiaxin Liu , Sheng Li , Haisheng Xu , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Online harassment has been a problem to a greater or lesser extent since the early days of the internet. Previous work has applied anti-spam techniques like machine-learning based text classification (Reynolds, 2011) to detecting harassing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Alexei Bastidas , Edward Dixon , Chris Loo , John Ryan

To address the challenging problem of detecting phishing webpages, researchers have developed numerous solutions, in particular those based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. Among these, brand-based phishing detection that uses models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jehyun Lee , Peiyuan Lim , Bryan Hooi , Dinil Mon Divakaran

Phishing is the most prevalent type of cyber-attack today and is recognized as the leading source of data breaches with significant consequences for both individuals and corporations. Web-based phishing attacks are the most frequent with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Muhammad Fahad Zia , Sri Harish Kalidass

Phishing, a prevalent cybercrime tactic for decades, remains a significant threat in today's digital world. By leveraging clever social engineering elements and modern technology, cybercrime targets many individuals, businesses, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Het Patel , Umair Rehman , Farkhund Iqbal

The rise of deepfake images, especially of well-known personalities, poses a serious threat to the dissemination of authentic information. To tackle this, we present a thorough investigation into how deepfakes are produced and how they can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Haixu Song , Shiyu Huang , Yinpeng Dong , Wei-Wei Tu

Phishing attacks continue to evolve, with cloaking techniques posing a significant challenge to detection efforts. Cloaking allows attackers to display phishing sites only to specific users while presenting legitimate pages to security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hiroki Nakano , Takashi Koide , Daiki Chiba

Phishing websites remain a major cybersecurity threat, yet existing methods primarily focus on detection, while the recognition of underlying malicious intentions remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wenhao Li , Selvakumar Manickam , Yung-wey Chong , Shankar Karuppayah

The rapid proliferation of AI-generated content, driven by advances in generative adversarial networks, diffusion models, and multimodal large language models, has made the creation and dissemination of synthetic media effortless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guangyu Lin , Li Lin , Christina P. Walker , Daniel S. Schiff , Shu Hu

Cyber attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals and organizations, stealing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, financial information, and login credentials. Hence, detecting malicious websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saroj Gopali , Akbar S. Namin , Faranak Abri , Keith S. Jones

Phishing attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, underscoring the need for detection systems that strike a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jikesh Thapa , Gurrehmat Chahal , Serban Voinea Gabreanu , Yazan Otoum