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Traditionally, abnormal heart sound classification is framed as a three-stage process. The first stage involves segmenting the phonocardiogram to detect fundamental heart sounds; after which features are extracted and classification is…

This paper presents a novel approach based on pulse transit time (PTT) for the estimation of blood pressure (BP). In order to achieve this goal, a data acquisition hardware is designed for high-resolution sampling of phonocardiogram (PCG)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-08 Amirhossein Esmaili , Mohammad Kachuee , Mahdi Shabany

Abdominal electrocardiogram (AECG) gives a safe and non-invasive way to monitor fetal well-being during pregnancy using surface electrodes. However, it is challenging to extract weak fetal ECG (fECG) from the AECG recordings with larger…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Yao Li , Xuanyu Luo , Haowen Zhao , Jiawen Cui , Yangfan She , Dongfang Li , Lai Jiang , Xu Zhang

Objective: To develop and interpret a supervised variational autoencoder (VAE) model for classifying cardiotocography (CTG) signals based on pregnancy outcomes, addressing interpretability limits of current deep learning approaches.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 John Tolladay , Beth Albert , Gabriel Davis Jones

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, and auscultation is typically an essential part of a cardiovascular examination. The ability to diagnose a patient based on their heart sounds is a rather difficult…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Erika Bondareva , Jing Han , William Bradlow , Cecilia Mascolo

During pregnancy, ultrasound examination in the second trimester can assess fetal size according to standardized charts. To achieve a reproducible and accurate measurement, a sonographer needs to identify three standard 2D planes of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sophia Bano , Brian Dromey , Francisco Vasconcelos , Raffaele Napolitano , Anna L. David , Donald M. Peebles , Danail Stoyanov

Heart murmurs provide valuable information about mechanical activity of the heart, which aids in diagnosis of various heart valve diseases. This work does automatic and accurate heart murmur detection from phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-04 Ahmed Patwa , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Structural heart disease (SHD) is a prevalent condition with many undiagnosed cases, and early detection is often limited by the high cost and accessibility constraints of echocardiography (ECHO). Recent studies show that artificial…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-04 Ya Zhou , Zhaohong Sun , Tianxiang Hao , Xiangjie Li

Heart sound diagnosis and classification play an essential role in detecting cardiovascular disorders, especially when the remote diagnosis becomes standard clinical practice. Most of the current work is designed for single category based…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Li Guo , Steven Davenport , Yonghong Peng

Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is increasingly used to provide monitoring of the cardiovascular system under ambulatory conditions. Wearable devices like smartwatches use PPG to allow long term unobtrusive monitoring of heart rate in free living…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Shyam A , Vignesh Ravichandran , Preejith S. P , Jayaraj Joseph , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

We describe an array of spin-exchange relaxation free optical magnetometers designed for detection of fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) signals. The individual magnetometers are configured with a small volume with intense optical pumping,…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-07-25 Robert Wyllie , Matthew Kauer , Ronald T. Wakai , Thad G. Walker

Introduction: The presence of fibrillatory waves (f-waves) is important in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF), which has motivated the development of methods for f-wave extraction. We propose a novel approach to benchmarking methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Noam Ben-Moshe , Shany Biton , Kenta Tsutsui , Mahmoud Suleiman , Leif Sörnmo , Joachim A. Behar

Approximately 10\% of newborns require assistance to initiate breathing at birth, and around 5\% need ventilation support. Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring plays a crucial role in assessing fetal well-being during prenatal care, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Kjersti Engan , Neel Kanwal , Anita Yeconia , Ladislaus Blacy , Yuda Munyaw , Estomih Mduma , Hege Ersdal

Millimeter-wave Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar enables contactless cardiac monitoring, but heartbeat estimation becomes challenging when respiration and random body motion (RBM) distort the radar signal. In this paper, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Matteo Pardi , Amir Hosein Oveis , Saba Kharabadze , Ajeet Kumar

An important paradigm in smart health is developing diagnosis tools and monitoring a patient's heart activity through processing Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a key example, sue to high mortality rate of heart-related disease. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-02 Jiaming Chen , Ali Valehi , Abolfazl Razi

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential and effective tool for diagnosing heart diseases. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by noise or unavailability of one or more leads of the standard 12-lead recordings, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huynh Dang Nguyen , Trong-Thang Pham , Ngan Le , Van Nguyen

Fetal movement count monitoring is one of the most commonly used methods of assessing fetal well-being. While few methods are available to monitor fetal movements, they consist of several adverse qualities such as unreliability as well as…

Prenatal diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), two serious congenital heart defects, improves outcomes and can in some cases facilitate in utero interventions. In practice, however, the fetal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Rima Arnaout , Lara Curran , Erin Chinn , Yili Zhao , Anita Moon-Grady

Fetal cardiac health monitoring with invasive methods have a limited viability because they can only be utilized during labor and are uncomfortable. On the other hand non-invasive fECG are adulterated with maternal ECG, and hence resulting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Aman Verma , Deva Satya Sriram Chintapenta , Saikat Mujumder

Intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring constitutes a reference tool in clinical practice to assess the baby health status and to detect fetal acidosis. It is usually analyzed by visual inspection grounded on FIGO criteria.…

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