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Cumulative memory -- the sum of space used per step over the duration of a computation -- is a fine-grained measure of time-space complexity that was introduced to analyze cryptographic applications like password hashing. It is a more…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Paul Beame , Niels Kornerup

I study the class of problems efficiently solvable by a quantum computer, given the ability to "postselect" on the outcomes of measurements. I prove that this class coincides with a classical complexity class called PP, or Probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

Quantum processors are now able to run quantum circuits that are infeasible to simulate classically, creating a need for benchmarks that assess a quantum processor's rate of errors when running these circuits. Here, we introduce a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Jordan Hines , Timothy Proctor

Recent years have seen unprecedented advance in the design and control of quantum computers. Nonetheless, their applicability is still restricted and access remains expensive. Therefore, a substantial amount of quantum algorithms research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Thomas Grurl , Richard Kueng , Jürgen Fuß , Robert Wille

We show that a classical algorithm based on sparse Pauli dynamics can efficiently simulate quantum circuits studied in a recent experiment on 127 qubits of IBM's Eagle processor [Nature 618, 500 (2023)]. Our classical simulations on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Tomislav Begušić , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Pauli channels are ubiquitous in quantum information, both as a dominant noise source in many computing architectures and as a practical model for analyzing error correction and fault tolerance. Here we prove several results on efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

We present two applications where open system quantum simulation is the preferred approach on a quantum computer. We choose concrete parameters for the problems in such a way that the application value, which we call utility, can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Evgeny Mozgunov , Jeffrey Marshall , Namit Anand

In the recent years, numerous research advancements have extended the limit of classical simulation of quantum algorithms. Although, most of the state-of-the-art classical simulators are only limited to binary quantum systems, which…

In recent years, strong expectations have been raised for the possible power of quantum computing for solving difficult optimization problems, based on theoretical, asymptotic worst-case bounds. Can we expect this to have consequences for…

Pauli-based computation (PBC) is driven by a sequence of adaptively chosen, non-destructive measurements of Pauli observables. Any quantum circuit written in terms of the Clifford+$T$ gate set and having $t$ $T$ gates can be compiled into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Filipa C. R. Peres , Ernesto F. Galvão

We apply the quantum error detection scheme Pauli check sandwiching (PCS) to quantum networks by turning it into a distributed multiparty protocol. PCS provides protection on the targeted qubits and generally requires less resource overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Alvin Gonzales , Daniel Dilley , Bikun Li , Liang Jiang , Zain H. Saleem

Quantum computing enables parallelism through superposition and entanglement and offers advantages over classical computing architectures. However, due to the limitations of current quantum hardware in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Guolong Zhong , Yi Fan , Zhenyu Li

As quantum computing becomes an emerging reality, designing efficient quantum programming capabilities is becoming more and more important. Particularly, the debugging and validation of quantum programs is of paramount importance, as these…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Christophe Chareton , Jad Issa , Mathieu Nguyen , Nicolas Blanco , Sébastien Bardin

Quantum walks have been shown to have a wide range of applications, from artificial intelligence, to photosynthesis, and quantum transport. Quantum stochastic walks (QSWs) generalize this concept to additional non-unitary evolution. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Peter K. Schuhmacher , Luke C. G. Govia , Bruno G. Taketani , Frank K. Wilhelm

Variational quantum algorithms (VQA) based on Hamiltonian simulation represent a specialized class of quantum programs well-suited for near-term quantum computing applications due to its modest resource requirements in terms of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Yang , Dawei Ding , Chenghong Zhu , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

Decoherence of quantum hardware is currently limiting its practical applications. At the same time, classical algorithms for simulating quantum circuits have progressed substantially. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid framework that integrates…

Quantum simulation uses a well-known quantum system to predict the behavior of another quantum system. Certain limitations in this technique arise, however, when applied to specific problems, as we demonstrate with a theoretical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kenneth R. Brown , Robert J. Clark , Isaac L. Chuang

We study how parallelism can speed up quantum simulation. A parallel quantum algorithm is proposed for simulating the dynamics of a large class of Hamiltonians with good sparse structures, called uniform-structured Hamiltonians, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Zhicheng Zhang , Qisheng Wang , Mingsheng Ying

The study of quantum walks has been shown to have a wide range of applications in areas such as artificial intelligence, the study of biological processes, and quantum transport. The quantum stochastic walk, which allows for incoherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-20 Luke C. G. Govia , Bruno G. Taketani , Peter K. Schuhmacher , Frank K. Wilhelm

Quantum computation is inherently hybrid, and fast classical manipulation of qubit operators is necessary to ensure scalability in quantum software. We introduce PauliEngine, a high-performance C++ framework that provides efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Leon Müller , Adelina Bärligea , Alexander Knapp , Jakob S. Kottmann