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The technology industry promotes artificial intelligence (AI) as a key enabler to solve a vast number of problems, including the environmental crisis. However, when looking at the emissions of datacenters from worldwide service providers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 François Rottenberg , Thomas Feys , Liesbet Van der Perre

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

The transition towards carbon-neutral electricity is one of the biggest game changers in addressing climate change since it addresses the dual challenges of removing carbon emissions from the two largest sectors of emitters: electricity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Le Xie , Tong Huang , Xiangtian Zheng , Yan Liu , Mengdi Wang , Vijay Vittal , P. R. Kumar , Srinivas Shakkottai , Yi Cui

Data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8\% of global carbon emissions by 2030. However, both technological and policy instruments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhiwei Cao , Xin Zhou , Han Hu , Zhi Wang , Yonggang Wen

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

We live in a world that is experiencing an unprecedented boom of AI applications that increasingly penetrate and enhance all sectors of private and public life, from education, media, medicine, and mobility to the industrial and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kai Ebert , Nicolas Alder , Ralf Herbrich , Philipp Hacker

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is driving an unprecedented increase in the electricity demand of AI data centers, raising emerging challenges for electric power grids. Understanding the characteristics of AI data center…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Xin Chen , Xiaoyang Wang , Ana Colacelli , Matt Lee , Le Xie

As AI capabilities and deployment accelerate toward a post-AGI era, concerns are growing about electricity demand and carbon emissions from AI computing, yet it is rarely represented explicitly in long term energy-economy-climate scenario…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Doyi Kim , Jiseok Ahn , Haewon McJeon , Changick Kim

AI data centers (AIDCs) are rapidly increasing electricity demand and associated CO2 emissions, yet they also generate continuous low-grade waste heat. Here, we assess whether this heat can be upgraded by heat pumps to drive direct air…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Zhicong Fang , Boyu Zhang , Jin Shang , Jiaze Ma

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, requiring rapid action across society. As artificial intelligence tools (AI) are rapidly deployed, it is therefore crucial to understand how they will impact climate action.…

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

In the past ten years, artificial intelligence has encountered such dramatic progress that it is now seen as a tool of choice to solve environmental issues and in the first place greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). At the same time the deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Anne-Laure Ligozat , Julien Lefèvre , Aurélie Bugeau , Jacques Combaz

A global effort has been initiated to reduce the worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily carbon emissions, by half by 2030 and reach net-zero by 2050. The development of 6G must also be compliant with this goal. Unfortunately,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Peng Zhang , Yong Xiao , Yingyu Li , Xiaohu Ge , Guangming Shi , Yang Yang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arnault Pachot , Céline Patissier

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved significant advancements in technology and research with the development over several decades, and is widely used in many areas including computing vision, natural language processing, time-series…

Reduced environmental effect, lower operating costs, and a stable and sustainable energy supply for current and future generations are the main reasons why power optimization is important. Power optimization makes ensuring that energy is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Parag Biswas , Abdur Rashid , Angona Biswas , Md Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Clément Desroches , Martin Chauvin , Louis Ladan , Caroline Vateau , Simon Gosset , Philippe Cordier

This paper explores the environmental impact of the super-linear growth trends for AI from a holistic perspective, spanning Data, Algorithms, and System Hardware. We characterize the carbon footprint of AI computing by examining the model…

With the rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence, there are expectations for a proportional expansion of economic activity due to increased productivity, and with it energy consumption and its associated environmental consequences like…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-11 Anthony Harding , Juan Moreno-Cruz

The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in global computational demand, placing increasing pressure on electricity systems. This study introduces an AI-energy coupling framework that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danbo Chen , Zijun Zhou , Yongyang Cai , Jiahong Qin , Ani Katchova , Lei Chen
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