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Understanding the structural characteristics of harmony is essential for an effective use of music as a communication medium. Of the three expressive axes of music (melody, rhythm, harmony), harmony is the foundation on which the emotional…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Maria Rojo González , Simone Santini

While recent generative models can produce engaging music, their utility is limited. The variation in the music is often left to chance, resulting in compositions that lack structure. Pieces extending beyond a minute can become incoherent…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Lilac Atassi

This paper is a survey and an analysis of different ways of using deep learning (deep artificial neural networks) to generate musical content. We propose a methodology based on five dimensions for our analysis: Objective - What musical…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jean-Pierre Briot , Gaëtan Hadjeres , François-David Pachet

In this study we introduce a symbolic dataset composed of non-metric Iranian classical music, and algorithms for structural parsing of this music, and generation of variations. The corpus comprises MIDI files and data sheets of Dastgah…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Maziar Kanani , Sean O Leary , James McDermott

Automatic melody generation for pop music has been a long-time aspiration for both AI researchers and musicians. However, learning to generate euphonious melody has turned out to be highly challenging due to a number of factors.…

Recent advances in deep learning have expanded possibilities to generate music, but generating a customizable full piece of music with consistent long-term structure remains a challenge. This paper introduces MusicFrameworks, a hierarchical…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Shuqi Dai , Zeyu Jin , Celso Gomes , Roger B. Dannenberg

We introduce materiomusic as a generative framework linking the hierarchical structures of matter with the compositional logic of music. Across proteins, spider webs and flame dynamics, vibrational and architectural principles recur as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Markus J. Buehler

SEQUITUR is an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing repeated phrases with a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 C. G. Nevill-Manning , I. H. Witten

As deep learning advances, algorithms of music composition increase in performance. However, most of the successful models are designed for specific musical structures. Here, we present BachProp, an algorithmic composer that can generate…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Florian Colombo , Johanni Brea , Wulfram Gerstner

Machine-learning techniques have been recently used with spectacular results to generate artefacts such as music or text. However, these techniques are still unable to capture and generate artefacts that are convincingly structured. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Pierre Roy , Alexandre Papadopoulos , François Pachet

This work introduces the M6(GPT)3 composer system, capable of generating complete, multi-minute musical compositions with complex structures in any time signature, in the MIDI domain from input descriptions in natural language. The system…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jakub Poćwiardowski , Mateusz Modrzejewski , Marek S. Tatara

Creativity, or the ability to produce new useful ideas, is commonly associated to the human being; but there are many other examples in nature where this phenomenon can be observed. Inspired by this fact, in engineering and particularly in…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-26 David Daniel Albarracín Molina

A new architecture of an artificial neural network that helps to generate longer melodic patterns is introduced alongside with methods for post-generation filtering. The proposed approach called variational autoencoder supported by history…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Ivan P. Yamshchikov , Alexey Tikhonov

We investigate a dynamically adapting tuning scheme for microtonal tuning of musical instruments, allowing the performer to play music in just intonation in any key. Unlike other methods, which are based on a procedural analysis of the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Karolin Stange , Christoph Wick , Haye Hinrichsen

Proteins are the essential drivers of biological processes. At the molecular level, they are chains of amino acids that can be viewed through a linguistic lens where the twenty standard residues serve as an alphabet combining to form a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Burak Suyunu , Özdeniz Dolu , Ibukunoluwa Abigail Olaosebikan , Hacer Karatas Bristow , Arzucan Özgür

This paper introduces TunesFormer, an efficient Transformer-based dual-decoder model specifically designed for the generation of melodies that adhere to user-defined musical forms. Trained on 214,122 Irish tunes, TunesFormer utilizes…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Shangda Wu , Xiaobing Li , Feng Yu , Maosong Sun

We present a new method for large language models to solve compositional tasks. Although they have shown strong performance on traditional language understanding tasks, large language models struggle to solve compositional tasks, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Eric Pasewark , Kyle Montgomery , Kefei Duan , Dawn Song , Chenguang Wang

Melody reduction, as an abstract representation of musical compositions, serves not only as a tool for music analysis but also as an intermediate representation for structured music generation. Prior computational theories, such as the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ziyu Wang , Yuxuan Wu , Roger B. Dannenberg , Gus Xia

Creating a complex work of art like music necessitates profound creativity. With recent advancements in deep learning and powerful models such as transformers, there has been huge progress in automatic music generation. In an accompaniment…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Rishabh Dahale , Vaibhav Talwadker , Preeti Rao , Prateek Verma

This application-oriented study concerns computational musicology, which makes use of grammar systems. We define multi-generative rule-synchronized scattered-context grammar systems (without erasing rules) and demonstrates how to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jozef Makiš , Alexander Meduna , Zbyněk Křivka
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