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The streaming instability (SI) has been extensively studied in the linear and non-linear regimes as a mechanism to concentrate solids and trigger planetesimal formation in the midplane of protoplanetary discs. A related dust settling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-17 Leonardo Krapp , Andrew N. Youdin , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Pablo Benítez-Llambay

Planet formation via core accretion requires the production of km-sized planetesimals from cosmic dust. This process must overcome barriers to simple collisional growth, for which the Streaming Instability (SI) is often invoked. Dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-27 Colin P. McNally , Francesco Lovascio , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

Context: The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for reaching solid densities sufficient to trigger the gravitational collapse needed for the formation of planetesimals. However, dust growth barriers appear to impede the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 V. Vallucci-Goy , U. Lebreuilly , M. -M. Mac Low , P. Hennebelle

The streaming instability is a fundamental process that can drive dust-gas dynamics and ultimately planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. As a linear instability, it has been shown that its growth with a distribution of dust sizes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu

Dust grains embedded in gas flow give rise to a class of hydrodynamic instabilities, called resonant drag instabilities. These instabilities have predominantly been studied for single grain sizes, in which case they are found to grow fast.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Hossam Aly

The streaming instability is an efficient method for overcoming the barriers to planet formation in protoplanetary discs. The streaming instability has been extensively modelled by hydrodynamic simulations of gas and a single dust size.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-19 Jip Matthijsse , Hossam Aly , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

The streaming instability (SI) is one of the most promising candidates for triggering planetesimal formation by producing dense dust clumps that undergo gravitational collapse. Understanding how the SI operates in realistic protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Chun-Yen Hsu , Min-Kai Lin

The streaming instability is considered one of the leading candidates for the formation of planetesimals, due to its ability to overcome the bouncing and fragmentation barriers. The formation of dense dust clumps through this process,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-17 Arnaud Pierens , Thomas Collin-Dufresne , Min-Kai Lin , Emmanuel DiFolco

We study the non-linear evolution of the acoustic 'Resonant Drag Instability' (RDI) using numerical simulations. The acoustic RDI is excited in a dust-gas mixture when dust grains stream through gas, interacting with sound waves to cause a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-21 Eric R. Moseley , Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

Resonant drag instabilities (RDIs) are a novel type of dust/fluid instability relevant to a diverse range of astrophysical environments. They are driven by a resonant interaction between streaming dust and waves in a background medium,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-05 Ben Y. Israeli , Jonathan Squire , Eric Moseley , Amitava Bhattacharjee

We revisit the diffusive instability in dusty disks that arises when the dust mass diffusivity and/or viscosity decreases sufficiently steeply with increasing dust density. Our updated model includes an incompressible, viscous gas that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 Konstantin Gerbig , Min-Kai Lin

Dust concentration in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is the first step towards planetesimal formation, a crucial yet highly uncertain stage in planet formation. Although the streaming instability (SI) is widely recognized as a powerful…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Pinghui Huang , Xue-Ning Bai

Recent study suggests that the streaming instability, one of the leading mechanisms for driving the formation of planetesimals, may not be as efficient as previously thought. Under some disc conditions, the growth timescale of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 Zhaohuan Zhu , Chao-Chin Yang

The collapse of dust particle clouds directly to km-sized planetesimals is a promising way to explain the formation of planetesimals, asteroids and comets. In the past, this collapse has been studied in stratified shearing box simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Andreas Schreiber , Hubert Klahr

Streaming Instability (SI) in dust has long been thought to be a promising process in triggering planetesimal formation in the protoplanetary disks (PPDs). In this study, we present the first numerical investigation that models the SI in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-16 Ka Wai Ho , Hui Li , Shengtai Li

We identify and study a number of new, rapidly growing instabilities of dust grains in protoplanetary disks, which may be important for planetesimal formation. The study is based on the recognition that dust-gas mixtures are generically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

The streaming instability, a promising mechanism to drive planetesimal formation in dusty protoplanetary discs, relies on aerodynamic drag naturally induced by the background radial pressure gradient. This gradient should vary in disks, but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Stanley A. Baronett , Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu

The streaming instability (SI), driven by aerodynamic coupling between solids and the gas under a global radial pressure gradient, concentrates solids and facilitates planetesimal formation. Unstratified simulations are commonly used to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Jeonghoon Lim , Stanley A. Baronett , Jacob B. Simon , Chao-Chin Yang , Debanjan Sengupta , Orkan M. Umurhan , Wladimir Lyra

The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a hydrodynamical instability that requires rapid gas cooling and has been suggested to operate in outer regions of protoplanetary disks. The VSI drives turbulence with strong vertical motions, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Yuya Fukuhara , Satoshi Okuzumi , Tomohiro Ono

The streaming instability is a leading mechanism for concentrating solids and initiating planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks. Although numerous studies have explored its linear growth, nonlinear evolution, and implications for…

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