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Spectrum sharing is increasingly vital in 6G wireless communication, facilitating dynamic access to unused spectrum holes. Recently, there has been a significant shift towards employing machine learning (ML) techniques for sensing spectrum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Viet Vo , Thusitha Dayaratne , Blake Haydon , Xingliang Yuan , Shangqi Lai , Sharif Abuadbba , Hajime Suzuki , Carsten Rudolph

Machine learning relies on the availability of a vast amount of data for training. However, in reality, most data are scattered across different organizations and cannot be easily integrated under many legal and practical constraints. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yang Liu , Yan Kang , Chaoping Xing , Tianjian Chen , Qiang Yang

Currently, deep learning models are easily exposed to data leakage risks. As a distributed model, Split Learning thus emerged as a solution to address this issue. The model is splitted to avoid data uploading to the server and reduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zhangting Lin , Mingfu Xue , Kewei Chen , Wenmao Liu , Xiang Gao , Leo Yu Zhang , Jian Wang , Yushu Zhang

Model training is increasingly offered as a service for resource-constrained data owners to build customized models. Split Learning (SL) enables such services by offloading training computation under privacy constraints, and evolves toward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haiyu Deng , Yanna Jiang , Guangsheng Yu , Qin Wang , Xu Wang , Wei Ni , Shiping Chen , Ren Ping Liu

Federated learning is an improved version of distributed machine learning that further offloads operations which would usually be performed by a central server. The server becomes more like an assistant coordinating clients to work together…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sheng Shen , Tianqing Zhu , Di Wu , Wei Wang , Wanlei Zhou

With the increasing computing power of edge devices, Federated Learning (FL) emerges to enable model training without privacy concerns. The majority of existing studies assume the data are fully labeled on the client side. In practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Woojung Kim , Keondo Park , Kihyuk Sohn , Raphael Shu , Hyung-Sin Kim

A key feature of federated learning (FL) is to preserve the data privacy of end users. However, there still exist potential privacy leakage in exchanging gradients under FL. As a result, recent research often explores the differential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Yanghe Pan , Tom H Luan , Ruidong Li , Shui Yu

Federated learning (FL) allows the collaborative training of AI models without needing to share raw data. This capability makes it especially interesting for healthcare applications where patient and data privacy is of utmost concern.…

Federated Learning (FL) has been gaining popularity as a collaborative learning framework to train deep learning-based object detection models over a distributed population of clients. Despite its advantages, FL is vulnerable to model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ka-Ho Chow , Ling Liu , Wenqi Wei , Fatih Ilhan , Yanzhao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) is a Machine Learning (ML) technique that aims to reduce the threats to user data privacy. Training is done using the raw data on the users' device, called clients, and only the training results, called gradients,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Sneha Kanchan , Jae Won Jang , Jun Yong Yoon , Bong Jun Choi

In the traditional distributed machine learning scenario, the user's private data is transmitted between clients and a central server, which results in significant potential privacy risks. In order to balance the issues of data privacy and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Zihao Zhao , Yuzhu Mao , Yang Liu , Linqi Song , Ye Ouyang , Xinlei Chen , Wenbo Ding

Split learning emerges as a promising paradigm for collaborative distributed model training, akin to federated learning, by partitioning neural networks between clients and a server without raw data exchange. However, sequential split…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mengdi Wang , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Federated Learning enables decentralized training by aggregating model updates across clients without sharing raw data, while Split Federated Learning further partitions the model between clients and a server to reduce computation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chamani Shiranthika , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

The rapid advancements in foundation models and sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems necessitate the development of efficient, scalable, and privacy-preserving machine learning approaches. For foundation models in 6G, split…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Qianzhou Chen , Siqi Sun , Minrui Xu , Sijie Ji , Jiawen Kang , Yijie Mao , Zhouxiang Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Dusit Niyato

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the advent of the 5G era, deep learning has received extensive attention from researchers. Broad Learning System (BLS) is a new deep learning model proposed recently, which shows its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Haiyang Liu , Hanlin Zhang , Li Guo , Jia Yu , Jie Lin

Federated learning is considered as an effective privacy-preserving learning mechanism that separates the client's data and model training process. However, federated learning is still under the risk of privacy leakage because of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yuxuan Wan , Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Jie Ren , Wenqi Fan , Jiliang Tang

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are two emerging collaborative learning methods that may greatly facilitate ubiquitous intelligence in Internet of Things (IoT). Federated learning enables machine learning (ML) models locally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Qiang Duan , Shijing Hu , Ruijun Deng , Zhihui Lu

Privacy-preserving federated learning enables a population of distributed clients to jointly learn a shared model while keeping client training data private, even from an untrusted server. Prior works do not provide efficient solutions that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 David Byrd , Vaikkunth Mugunthan , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Tucker Hybinette Balch

Federated Learning (FL) is emerging as a promising technology to build machine learning models in a decentralized, privacy-preserving fashion. Indeed, FL enables local training on user devices, avoiding user data to be transferred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Nicolas Kourtellis , Kleomenis Katevas , Diego Perino

In federated submodel learning (FSL), a machine learning model is divided into multiple submodels based on different types of data used for training. Each user involved in the training process only downloads and updates the submodel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Sajani Vithana , Sennur Ulukus