Related papers: Attosecond charge transfer in atomic-resolution sc…
Attosecond pulses can be used to initiate and control electron dynamics on a sub-femtosecond time scale. The first step in this process occurs when an atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon leading to the formation of an attosecond electron…
Advancing temporal resolution in computation, signal modulation, and measurement is crucial for pushing the frontiers of modern science and technology. Optical resonators have recently demonstrated computational operations at frequencies…
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been a fundamental tool to characterize many-body effects in condensed matter systems, from extended solids to quantum dots. STM of molecules decoupled from the supporting conductive substrate has the…
We introduce a framework for the preparation, coherent manipulation and characterization of free-electron quantum states, experimentally demonstrating attosecond pulse trains for electron microscopy. Specifically, we employ phase-locked…
The inelastic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been shown recently (Loth et al. Science 329, 1628 (2010)) to be extendable as to access the nanosecond, spin-resolved dynamics of magnetic adatoms and molecules. Here we analyze…
The theory of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) and motions of single adsorbed atoms and molecules on metal surfaces induced by vibrational excitation with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is reviewed. The theory of…
Field-emission of electrons underlies major advances in science and technology, ranging from imaging the atomic-scale structure of matter to signal processing at ever-higher frequencies. The advancement of these applications to their…
We explore the novel capabilities offered by attosecond extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses that can be now generated by free-electron lasers and high-harmonics generation sources for probing photon-induced electron dynamics in molecules.…
Ultrashort electron pulses with a high average current provide a powerful means of enhancing time-resolved imaging and photon generation. In this study, we report the attosecond shaping of sub-relativistic electron beams using membranes in…
State-of-the-art attosecond metrology deals with the detection and characterization of photon pulses with typical energies up to the hundreds of eV and time resolution of several tens of attoseconds. Such short pulses are used for example…
Atomic motion dynamics during structural changes or chemical reactions have been visualized by picosecond and femtosecond pulsed electron beams via ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy. Imaging the even faster dynamics of electrons…
Electrons photoemitted by extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses derive spatially from the first few atomic surface layers and energetically from the valence band and highest atomic orbitals. As a result, it is possible to probe the emission…
Understanding the nanoscale carrier dynamics induced by light excitation is the key to unlocking futuristic devices and innovative functionalities in advanced materials. Optical pump-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (OPP-STM) has opened…
The present review addresses the technical advances and the theoretical developments to realize and rationalize attosecond-science experiments that reveal a new dynamical time scale ($10^{-15}$-$10^{-18}$ s), with a particular emphasis on…
Ultrafast electron microscopy provides a movie-like access to structural dynamics of materials in space and time, but fundamental atomic motions or electron dynamics are, so far, too quick to be resolved. Here we report the all-optical…
Attosecond science has been transforming our understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. However, to date almost all of the attoscience experiments have been based on spectroscopic measurements because attosecond…
Time resolution is one of the most severe limitations of scanning probe microscopies (SPMs), since the typical image acquisition times are in the order of several seconds or even few minutes. As a consequence, the characterization of…
Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast…
Single-electron circuits of the future, consisting of a network of quantum dots, will require a mechanism to transport electrons from one functional part to another. For example, in a quantum computer[1] decoherence and circuit complexity…
Streaking of photoelectrons has long been used for the temporal characterization of attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. When the time-resolved photoelectrons originate from a coherent superposition of electronic states, they carry an…