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Quantum error correction (QEC) is a cornerstone of quantum computing, enabling reliable information processing in the presence of noise. Sparse stabilizer codes -- referred to generally as quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Bane Vasic , Valentin Savin , Michele Pacenti , Shantom Borah , Nithin Raveendran

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can be implemented by measuring only low-weight checks, making them compatible with noisy quantum hardware and central to the quest to build noise-resilient quantum computers. A fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Lily Wang , Andy Zeyi Liu , Ray Li , Aleksander Kubica , Shouzhen Gu

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing due to their substantially reduced footprint. However, these gains can be diluted at utility scale if we cannot also realize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Willers Yang , Jason Chadwick , Mariesa H. Teo , Joshua Viszlai , Fred Chong

Although high-threshold and low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, such as bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, can reduce the physical-qubit cost by an order of magnitude compared to the Kitaev toric code, their torus layout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Zijian Liang , Jens Niklas Eberhardt , Yu-An Chen

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are among the most prominent error-correction schemes. They find application to fortify various modern storage, communication, and computing systems. Protograph-based (PB) LDPC codes offer many degrees…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Ata Tanrıkulu , Mete Yıldırım , Ahmed Hareedy

An elementary combinatorial Tanner graph construction for a family of near-regular low density parity check codes achieving high girth is presented. The construction allows flexibility in the choice of design parameters like rate, average…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-06 K. Murali Krishnan , Rajdeep Singh , L. Sunil Chandran , Priti Shankar

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes are capable of achieving excellent performance with low encoding and decoding complexity. In this paper we discuss several graph-cover-based methods for deriving families of time-invariant…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Ali E. Pusane , Roxana Smarandache , Pascal O. Vontobel , Daniel J. Costello

We study square-base Calderbank--Shor--Steane (CSS) hypergraph-product codes as a finite-length class for regular high-girth quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) design. For base matrices of small column weight, we give checkable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Koki Okada , Kenta Kasai

In this letter, we propose a reliability-based windowed decoding scheme for spatially-coupled (SC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. To mitigate the error propagation along the sliding windowed decoder of the SC LDPC codes, a partial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Peng Kang , Yixuan Xie , Lei Yang , Jinhong Yuan

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are capable of achieving excellent performance and provide a useful alternative for high performance applications. However, at medium to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), an observable error floor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-17 C. T. Healy , R. C. de Lamare

With the development of quantum error correction techniques, quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) codes become a promising area in quantum error correction codes. In this paper, the requirements of QLDPC codes based on points except the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2023-10-04 Ya'nan Feng , Chuchen Tang , Chenming Bai

For any positive integer $g \ge 2$, we derive general condition for the existence of a $2g$-cycle in the Tanner graph of two-dimensional ($2$-D) classical quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Depending on whether $p$ is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pavan Kumar , Shayan Srinivasa Garani

The finite-length performance of spatially-coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes is strongly affected by short cycle configurations and the harmful structures induced by them. This paper studies SC-LDPC code design directly at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lei Huang

This paper revisits the connection between the girth of a protograph-based LDPC code given by a parity-check matrix and the properties of powers of the product between the matrix and its transpose in order to obtain the necessary and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Roxana Smarandache , David G. M. Mitchell

Spatially-coupled (SC) codes are a family of graph-based codes that have attracted significant attention thanks to their capacity approaching performance and low decoding latency. An SC code is constructed by partitioning an underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Homa Esfahanizadeh , Ahmed Hareedy , Lara Dolecek

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

Identifying the best families of quantum error correction (QEC) codes for near-term experiments is key to enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing. Ideally, such codes should have low overhead in qubit number, high physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Laura Pecorari , Guido Pupillo

Recent work has shown that properly designed protograph-based LDPC codes may have minimum distance linearly increasing with block length. This notion rests on ensemble arguments over all possible expansions of the base protograph. When…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-17 Brian K. Butler , Paul H. Siegel

In this paper, we show that Quasi-Cyclic LDPC codes can efficiently accommodate the hybrid iterative/ML decoding over the binary erasure channel. We demonstrate that the quasi-cyclic structure of the parity-check matrix can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-04-30 Mathieu Cunche , Valentin Savin , Vincent Roca

A protograph-based low-density parity-check (LDPC) code design technique for bandwidth-efficient coded modulation is presented. The approach jointly optimizes the LDPC code node degrees and the mapping of the coded bits to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-23 Fabian Steiner , Georg Böcherer , Gianluigi Liva