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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods often suffer from high sample complexity, limiting their use in real-world problems where data is sparse or expensive to collect. Although latent-variable world models have been employed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Aravind Venugopal , Stephanie Milani , Fei Fang , Balaraman Ravindran

Connected and autonomous vehicles across land, water, and air must often operate in dynamic, unpredictable environments with limited communication, no centralized control, and partial observability. These real-world constraints pose…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hung Du , Hy Nguyen , Srikanth Thudumu , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

The evolution of metropolitan cities and the increase in travel demands impose stringent requirements on traffic assignment methods. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches outperform traditional methods in modeling adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Leizhen Wang , Peibo Duan , Cheng Lyu , Zewen Wang , Zhiqiang He , Nan Zheng , Zhenliang Ma

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown great potential in executing complex tasks, but coordination and safety remain significant challenges. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) offers a promising framework for agent collaboration, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ziqi Jia , Junjie Li , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

In the real world, people/entities usually find matches independently and autonomously, such as finding jobs, partners, roommates, etc. It is possible that this search for matches starts with no initial knowledge of the environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kshitija Taywade , Judy Goldsmith , Brent Harrison

This paper serves to introduce the reader to the field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and its intersection with methods from the study of causality. We highlight key challenges in MARL and discuss these in the context of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 St John Grimbly , Jonathan Shock , Arnu Pretorius

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is making rapid progress for solving tasks in a grid world and real-world scenarios, in which agents are given different attributes and goals, resulting in different behavior through the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Siyi Hu , Chuanlong Xie , Xiaodan Liang , Xiaojun Chang

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) environment is known to be dynamic and distributed, where participants (vehicle users, operators, etc.) have multiple, changing and possibly conflicting objectives. Although Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jing Tan , Ramin Khalili , Holger Karl

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in reinforcement learning (RL), which has registered great success in solving various sequential decision-making problems in machine learning. Most of the successful RL applications, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a challenging subarea of Reinforcement Learning due to the non-stationarity of the environments and the large dimensionality of the combined action space. Deep MARL algorithms have been applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yuanchao Xu , Amal Feriani , Ekram Hossain

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved notable success in cooperative tasks, demonstrating impressive performance and scalability. However, deploying MARL agents in real-world applications presents critical safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zeyang Li , Navid Azizan

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in addressing complex cooperative tasks. However, existing MARL approaches often rely on frequent exchanges of action or state information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglong Luo , Zhiyong Chen , Aoxiang Liu , Ke Pan

The multi-robot adaptive sampling problem aims at finding trajectories for a team of robots to efficiently sample the phenomenon of interest within a given endurance budget of the robots. In this paper, we propose a robust and scalable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Lishuo Pan , Sandeep Manjanna , M. Ani Hsieh

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces significant challenges in task sequencing and curriculum design, particularly for cooperative coordination scenarios. While curriculum learning has demonstrated success in single-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Farhaan Ebadulla , Dharini Hindlatti , Srinivaasan NS , Apoorva VH , Ayman Aftab

It has long been recognized that multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces significant scalability issues due to the fact that the size of the state and action spaces are exponentially large in the number of agents. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Guannan Qu , Yiheng Lin , Adam Wierman , Na Li

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Agent faults pose a significant threat to the performance of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, introducing two key challenges. First, agents often struggle to extract critical information from the chaotic state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yuchen Shi , Huaxin Pei , Liang Feng , Yi Zhang , Danya Yao