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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted across domains such as education, healthcare, and finance. In healthcare, LLMs support tasks including disease diagnosis, abnormality classification, and clinical decision-making. Among…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Payel Bhattacharjee , Fengwei Tian , Geoffrey D. Rubin , Joseph Y. Lo , Nirav Merchant , Heidi Hanson , John Gounley , Ravi Tandon

The federated learning (FL) framework enables multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing their raw data, but it remains vulnerable to privacy attacks. One promising approach is to incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shokichi Takakura , Seng Pei Liew , Satoshi Hasegawa

Federated Learning (FL) with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a standard for privacy-preserving LLM fine-tuning. However, existing personalized methods predominantly operated under a restrictive Flat-Model Assumption: they addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates the fine-tuning of Foundation Models (FMs) using distributed data sources, with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) gaining popularity due to its low communication costs and strong performance. While recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zihao Peng , Jiandian Zeng , Boyuan Li , Guo Li , Shengbo Chen , Tian Wang

With the rapid adoption of Federated Learning (FL) as the training and tuning protocol for applications utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs), recent research highlights the need for significant modifications to FL to accommodate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Minh N. Vu , Truc Nguyen , Tre' R. Jeter , My T. Thai

Federated learning (FL) as one of the novel branches of distributed machine learning (ML), develops global models through a private procedure without direct access to local datasets. However, access to model updates (e.g. gradient updates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Mahtab Talaei , Iman Izadi

Federated fine-tuning (FFT) of large language models (LLMs) has recently emerged as a promising solution to enable domain-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. Despite its benefits, FFT on resource-constrained clients relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Manning Zhu , Songtao Guo , Pengzhan Zhou , Yansong Ning , Chang Han , Dewen Qiao

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) via federated learning, i.e., FedLLM, has been proposed to adapt LLMs for various downstream applications in a privacy-preserving way. To reduce the fine-tuning costs on resource-constrained devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jun Liu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Yang Xu

Federated fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is obstructed by a trilemma of challenges: protecting LLMs intellectual property (IP), ensuring client privacy, and mitigating performance loss on heterogeneous data. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tao Fan , Guoqiang Ma , Yuanfeng Song , Lixin Fan , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training across organizational silos without sharing raw data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive applications. With the rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs), federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mohamed Shaaban , Mohamed Elmahallawy

Conventional federated learning primarily aims to secure the privacy of data distributed across multiple edge devices, with the global model dispatched to edge devices for parameter updates during the learning process. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 JianHao Zhu , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Tianlong Li , Zixuan Ling , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Federated learning (FL), a novel branch of distributed machine learning (ML), develops global models through a private procedure without direct access to local datasets. However, it is still possible to access the model updates (gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Mahtab Talaei , Iman Izadi

Federated fine-tuning of foundation models with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an efficient solution for reducing communication and computation costs while preserving data locality. However, the direct combination of FedAvg and LoRA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zehao Wang , Guanglei Yang , Yihan Zeng , Hang Xu , Hongzhi Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Chun-Mei Feng

Conventional gradient-sharing approaches for federated learning (FL), such as FedAvg, rely on aggregation of local models and often face performance degradation under differential privacy (DP) mechanisms or data heterogeneity, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Hui-Po Wang , Dingfan Chen , Raouf Kerkouche , Mario Fritz

In Federated Learning (FL) with over-the-air aggregation, the quality of the signal received at the server critically depends on the receive scaling factors. While a larger scaling factor can reduce the effective noise power and improve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Ben Liang , Min Dong , Yahia A. Eldemerdash Ahmed , Ho Ting Cheng

As the large language models (LLMs) grow in size each day, efficient training and fine-tuning has never been as important as nowadays. This resulted in the great interest in parameter efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), and effective methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dhananjaya Gowda , Seoha Song , Junhyun Lee , Harshith Goka

Providing privacy protection has been one of the primary motivations of Federated Learning (FL). Recently, there has been a line of work on incorporating the formal privacy notion of differential privacy with FL. To guarantee the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Xinwei Zhang , Xiangyi Chen , Mingyi Hong , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Jinfeng Yi

This paper presents LDP-Fed, a novel federated learning system with a formal privacy guarantee using local differential privacy (LDP). Existing LDP protocols are developed primarily to ensure data privacy in the collection of single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Stacey Truex , Ling Liu , Ka-Ho Chow , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Wenqi Wei

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) provides an effective paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in privacy-sensitive scenarios. However, practical deployment remains challenging due to the limited resources on end devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rukuo Li , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang