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This paper presents a theoretical discussion for environmentally-conscious job deployment and migration in cloud environments, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of resource provisioning while incorporating sustainability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Giulio Attenni , Novella Bartolini

Weather forecasting is crucial for public safety, disaster prevention and mitigation, agricultural production, and energy management, with global relevance. Although deep learning has significantly advanced weather prediction, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shixuan Li , Wei Yang , Peiyu Zhang , Xiongye Xiao , Defu Cao , Yuehan Qin , Xiaole Zhang , Yue Zhao , Paul Bogdan

With a broad range of emerging applications in 6G networks, wireless traffic prediction has become a critical component of network management. However, the dynamically shifting distribution of wireless traffic in non-stationary 6G networks…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Chengming Hu , Hao Zhou , Di Wu , Xi Chen , Jun Yan , Xue Liu

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Yanqing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have presented impressive performance across several transformative tasks. However, it is non-trivial to efficiently utilize large-scale cluster resources to develop LLMs, often riddled with numerous challenges…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Qinghao Hu , Zhisheng Ye , Zerui Wang , Guoteng Wang , Meng Zhang , Qiaoling Chen , Peng Sun , Dahua Lin , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

The increasing use of information technology has led to a significant share of energy consumption and carbon emissions from data centers. These contributions are expected to rise with the growing demand for big data analytics, increasing…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in software engineering to generate, complete, translate, and fix code, improving developer productivity. While most research focuses on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali , Oussema Kirmani , Aroosa Hameed , Syed Muhammad Danish , Gautam Srivastava

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Modern large language model (LLM) inference engines optimize throughput and latency under fixed decoding rules, treating generation as a linear progression in token time. We propose a fundamentally different paradigm: entropic\-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Andrew Kiruluta

The exponential growth of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has revolutionized artificial intelligence, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing. However, the extensive computational resources required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ashhadul Islam , Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Amine Bermak

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Clément Desroches , Martin Chauvin , Louis Ladan , Caroline Vateau , Simon Gosset , Philippe Cordier

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver powerful AI capabilities but face deployment challenges due to high resource costs and latency, whereas Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficiency and deployability at the cost of reduced performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yi Chen , JiaHao Zhao , HaoHao Han

Large language models (LLMs) play a crucial role in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, improving the understanding, generation, and manipulation of human language across domains such as translating, summarizing, and classifying text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Anna Glazkova , Olga Zakharova

The burgeoning field of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by sophisticated models like OpenAI's ChatGPT, represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence. These models, however, bring forth substantial challenges in…

This paper presents an integrated framework that combines traditional network optimization models with large language models (LLMs) to deliver interactive, explainable, and role-aware decision support for supply chain planning. The proposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Saravanan Venkatachalam

While the large energy consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is recognized by the community, system operators lack guidance for energy-efficient LLM inference deployments that leverage energy trade-offs of heterogeneous hardware due…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mauricio Fadel Argerich , Jonathan Fürst , Marta Patiño-Martínez