English
Related papers

Related papers: Rethinking Prompt Optimization: Reinforcement, Div…

200 papers

Automatic prompt optimization has recently emerged as a strategy for improving the quality of prompts used in Large Language Models (LLMs), with the goal of generating more accurate and useful responses. However, most prior work focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Juhyeon Lee , Wonduk Seo , Hyunjin An , Seunghyun Lee , Yi Bu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant capability across various tasks, with their real-world effectiveness often driven by prompt design. While recent research has focused on optimizing prompt content, the role of prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuanye Liu , Jiahang Xu , Li Lyna Zhang , Qi Chen , Xuan Feng , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Yuqing Yang , Peng Cheng

Reward-based alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face two key limitations: vulnerability to reward hacking, where models exploit flaws in the reward signal; and reliance on brittle, labor-intensive prompt engineering when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zae Myung Kim , Chanwoo Park , Vipul Raheja , Suin Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Well-designed prompts are crucial for enhancing Large language models' (LLMs) reasoning capabilities while aligning their outputs with task requirements across diverse domains. However, manually designed prompts require expertise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jinyu Xiang , Jiayi Zhang , Zhaoyang Yu , Xinbing Liang , Fengwei Teng , Jinhao Tu , Fashen Ren , Xiangru Tang , Sirui Hong , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have become widely adopted as automated judges for evaluating AI-generated content. Despite their success, aligning LLM-based evaluations with human judgments remains challenging. While supervised fine-tuning on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bo Pan , Xuan Kan , Kaitai Zhang , Yan Yan , Shunwen Tan , Zihao He , Zixin Ding , Junjie Wu , Liang Zhao

This study examines the effect of prompt engineering on the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical note generation. We introduce an Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) framework to refine initial prompts and compare the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zonghai Yao , Ahmed Jaafar , Beining Wang , Zhichao Yang , Hong Yu

Finding appropriate prompts for the specific task has become an important issue as the usage of Large Language Models (LLM) has expanded. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used for prompt tuning, but its inherent instability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Minchan Kwon , Gaeun Kim , Jongsuk Kim , Haeil Lee , Junmo Kim

Balancing helpfulness and safety (harmlessness) is a critical challenge in aligning large language models (LLMs). Current approaches often decouple these two objectives, training separate preference models for helpfulness and safety, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xiyue Peng , Hengquan Guo , Jiawei Zhang , Dongqing Zou , Ziyu Shao , Honghao Wei , Xin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in business-critical domains such as finance, education, healthcare, and customer support, where users expect consistent and reliable recommendations. Yet LLMs often exhibit variability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sonal Prabhune , Balaji Padmanabhan , Kaushik Dutta

Automatic prompt optimization (APO) has driven significant gains in LLM-based agentic workflows. However, existing methods treat each task's prompt as a monolithic, instance-blind string optimized through global edits, producing brittle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jyotirmoy Nath , Neeraj Kumar , Brejesh Lall

Reinforcement learning in large language models (LLMs) often relies on scalar rewards, a practice that discards valuable textual rationale buried in the rollouts, forcing the model to explore \textit{de novo} with each attempt and hindering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ang Li , Yifei Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

The personalization of black-box large language models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. Existing approaches predominantly rely on context injection, where user history is embedded into the prompt to directly guide the generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Teqi Hao , Xioayu Tan , Shaojie Shi , Yinghui Xu , Xihe Qiu

Automatic prompt optimization is a promising approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, yet existing methods typically search for a specific prompt specialized to a fixed task. This paradigm limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guanbao Liang , Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Yuheng Qin , Huan Zhou , Bingxin Jia , Bin Li , Jiajun Bu

Prompt Optimization has emerged as a crucial approach due to its capabilities in steering Large Language Models to solve various tasks. However, current works mainly rely on the random rewriting ability of LLMs, and the optimization process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tao Tao , Guanghui Zhu , Lang Guo , Hongyi Chen , Chunfeng Yuan , Yihua Huang

Human preference alignment is essential to improve the interaction quality of large language models (LLMs). Existing alignment methods depend on manually annotated preference data to guide the LLM optimization directions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengyu Cheng , Yifan Yang , Jian Li , Yong Dai , Tianhao Hu , Peixin Cao , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive success in various applications. However, these models are often not well aligned with human intents, which calls for additional treatments on them; that is, the alignment problem. To make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Jiale Cheng , Xiao Liu , Kehan Zheng , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, and their multimodal expansions (MLLMs) further unlock capabilities spanning images, videos, and other modalities beyond text. However, despite this shift, prompt optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yumin Choi , Dongki Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have remarkably adapted to various downstream tasks. Nonetheless, their performance heavily depends on the specificity of the input text prompts, which requires skillful prompt template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yingjun Du , Wenfang Sun , Cees G. M. Snoek

Recommendation systems leverage user interaction data to suggest relevant items while filtering out irrelevant (negative) ones. The rise of large language models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention for their potential in recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Chenlu Ding , Daoxuan Liu , Jiancan Wu , Xingyu Hu , Junkang Wu , Haitao Wang , Yongkang Wang , Xingxing Wang , Xiang Wang

Current Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation frameworks utilize the same static prompt template across all models under evaluation. This differs from the common industry practice of using prompt optimization (PO) techniques to optimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nicholas Sadjoli , Tim Siefken , Atin Ghosh , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier