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Large language models (LLMs) represent significant breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and hold potential for applications within smart grids. However, as demonstrated in previous literature, AI technologies are susceptible to various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiangnan Li , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

Large Language Models increasingly power critical infrastructure from healthcare to finance, yet their vulnerability to adversarial manipulation threatens system integrity and user safety. Despite growing deployment, no comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Taiwo Onitiju , Iman Vakilinia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enhanced software development processes, minimizing the time and effort required for coding and enhancing developer productivity. However, despite their potential benefits, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Swaroop Dora , Deven Lunkad , Naziya Aslam , S. Venkatesan , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have exhibited extraordinary prowess in tasks like mathematics and coding, leveraging their advanced reasoning capabilities. Nevertheless, as these capabilities progress, significant concerns regarding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Cheng Wang , Yue Liu , Baolong Bi , Duzhen Zhang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Yingwei Ma , Yufei He , Shengju Yu , Xinfeng Li , Junfeng Fang , Jiaheng Zhang , Bryan Hooi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM-based systems across diverse domains. As these systems proliferate, understanding the risks associated with their complex supply chains is increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yujie Ma , Lili Quan , Xiaofei Xie , Qiang Hu , Jiongchi Yu , Yao Zhang , Sen Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a double-edged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zishan Guo , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Yufei Huang , Dan Shi , Supryadi , Linhao Yu , Yan Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Bojian Xiong , Deyi Xiong

With generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, it is critical to supplement traditional automated evaluations with human evaluations. Understanding and…

Nowadays, we are witnessing a wide adoption of Machine learning (ML) models in many safety-critical systems, thanks to recent breakthroughs in deep learning and reinforcement learning. Many people are now interacting with systems based on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Houssem Ben Braiek , Foutse Khomh

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Samyak Jain , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Kemal Oksuz , Tom Joy , Philip H. S. Torr , Amartya Sanyal , Puneet K. Dokania

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

Input-output safeguards are used to detect anomalies in the traces produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) systems. These detectors are at the core of diverse safety-critical applications such as real-time monitoring, offline evaluation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Diego Dorn , Alexandre Variengien , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie , Vincent Corruble

While the widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds great potential for society, their vulnerabilities to adversarial manipulation and exploitation can pose serious safety, security, and ethical risks. As new threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Charankumar Akiri , Harrison Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Aarav Khanna , Maanak Gupta

Todays industrial control systems consist of tightly coupled components allowing adversaries to exploit security attack surfaces from the information technology side, and, thus, also get access to automation devices residing at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Mukund Bhole , Wolfgang Kastner , Thilo Sauter

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been suggested for use in automated vulnerability repair, but benchmarks showing they can consistently identify security-related bugs are lacking. We thus develop SecLLMHolmes, a fully automated evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Saad Ullah , Mingji Han , Saurabh Pujar , Hammond Pearce , Ayse Coskun , Gianluca Stringhini

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

The success of large language models (LLMs) in scientific domains has heightened safety concerns, prompting numerous benchmarks to evaluate their scientific safety. Existing benchmarks often suffer from limited risk coverage and a reliance…

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