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Recent advances in genotyping technology have delivered a wealth of genetic data, which is rapidly advancing our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of complex diseases. Mendelian Randomization (MR) leverages such genetic…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 Wenhao Cao , Saonli Basu

The recently developed rerandomized inverse variance weighted (RIVW) estimator provides a simple and efficient framework to break the winner's curse in two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). However, this method has ignored the possible…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Xin Liu , Ping Yin , Peng Wang

Mendelian Randomisation (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal effects of exposures on an outcome. One key assumption of MR is that the genetic variants used as instrumental variables are independent of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Maximilian M Mandl , Anne-Laure Boulesteix , Stephen Burgess , Verena Zuber

Estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome is an important task in many economical and biological studies. Mendelian randomization, in particular, uses genetic variants as instruments to estimate causal effects in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-06 Sai Li

Decision-makers often deploy the best-performing treatment from a randomized experiment, creating a winner's curse: selection favors treatments whose observed outcomes are high partly because of statistical noise, so the na\"ive estimate of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Ron Berman , Walter W. Zhang , Hangcheng Zhao

In Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, genetic variants are used as instrumental variables (IVs) to investigate causal relationships between exposures and outcomes based on observational data. However, numerous genetic studies have shown…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Julien St-Pierre , Archer Y. Yang , Mireille E. Schnitzer , Marc-André Legault

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to infer the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome. Although recent years have seen many extensions of basic MR…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-15 Sai Li , Ting Ye

Mendelian Randomization (MR) is a prominent observational epidemiological research method designed to address unobserved confounding when estimating causal effects. However, core assumptions -- particularly the independence between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shimeng Huang , Matthew Robinson , Francesco Locatello

Despite increasing popularity in empirical studies, the integration of machine learning generated variables into regression models for statistical inference suffers from the measurement error problem, which can bias estimation and threaten…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-23 Gordon Burtch , Edward McFowland , Mochen Yang , Gediminas Adomavicius

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an instrumental variable (IV) approach to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. However, the multivariable inverse-variance…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 Yihe Yang , Noah Lorincz-Comi , Xiaofeng Zhu

Mendelian randomization is a powerful tool for inferring the presence, or otherwise, of causal effects from observational data. However, the nature of genetic variants is such that pleiotropy remains a barrier to valid causal effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-04 Andrew J. Grant , Stephen Burgess

Linear instrumental variable regressions are widely used to estimate causal effects. Many instruments arise from the use of ``technical'' instruments and more recently from the empirical strategy of ``judge design''. This paper surveys and…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-26 Anna Mikusheva , Liyang Sun

Deep latent variable models have become a popular model choice due to the scalable learning algorithms introduced by (Kingma & Welling, 2013; Rezende et al., 2014). These approaches maximize a variational lower bound on the intractable log…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 George Tucker , Dieterich Lawson , Shixiang Gu , Chris J. Maddison

Envelope methods perform dimension reduction of predictors or responses in multivariate regression, exploiting the relationship between them to improve estimation efficiency. While most research on envelopes has focused on their estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-22 Tate Jacobson , Oh-Ran Kwon

Models trained with empirical risk minimization (ERM) are prone to be biased towards spurious correlations between target labels and bias attributes, which leads to poor performance on data groups lacking spurious correlations. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hyeonggeun Han , Sehwan Kim , Hyungjun Joo , Sangwoo Hong , Jungwoo Lee

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a pivotal tool in genetics, genomics, and epidemiology, leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes. Traditional MR methods, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Bitan Sarkar , Yuchao Jiang , Tian Ge , Yang Ni

Efficient low-variance gradient estimation enabled by the reparameterization trick (RT) has been essential to the success of variational autoencoders. Doubly-reparameterized gradients (DReGs) improve on the RT for multi-sample variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-14 Matthias Bauer , Andriy Mnih

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of exploiting genetic variation to unbiasedly estimate a causal effect in presence of unmeasured confounding. MR is being widely used in epidemiology and other related areas of population science. In…

Applications · Statistics 2019-01-03 Qingyuan Zhao , Jingshu Wang , Gibran Hemani , Jack Bowden , Dylan S. Small

We consider a recursive algorithm to construct an aggregated estimator from a finite number of base decision rules in the classification problem. The estimator approximately minimizes a convex risk functional under the l1-constraint. It is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Anatoli Juditsky , Alexander Nazin , Alexandre Tsybakov , Nicolas Vayatis

Mediation analysis is a powerful tool for studying causal pathways between exposure, mediator, and outcome variables of interest. While classical mediation analysis using observational data often requires strong and sometimes unrealistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-20 Rita Qiuran Lyu , Chong Wu , Xinwei Ma , Jingshen Wang