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Accurate prediction of disease trajectories is critical for early identification and timely treatment of patients at risk. Conventional methods in survival analysis are often constrained by strong parametric assumptions and limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Daniel Jarrett , Jinsung Yoon , Mihaela van der Schaar

Causal inference for observational longitudinal studies often requires the accurate estimation of treatment effects on time-to-event outcomes in the presence of time-dependent patient history and time-dependent covariates. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Jie Zhu , Blanca Gallego

This paper studies causal discovery in irregularly sampled time series-a key challenge in risk-sensitive domains like finance, healthcare, and climate science, where missing data and inconsistent sampling frequencies distort causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weihong Li , Baohong Li , Anpeng Wu , Zhihan Li , Ming Ma , Keting Yin , Kun Kuang

Thanks to technological advances leading to near-continuous time observations, emerging multivariate point process data offer new opportunities for causal discovery. However, a key obstacle in achieving this goal is that many relevant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-15 Xu Wang , Ali Shojaie

Deep learning (DL) has recently drawn much attention in image analysis, natural language process, and high-dimensional medical data analysis. Under the causal direct acyclic graph (DAG) interpretation, the input variables without incoming…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-22 Jong-Hyeon Jeong , Yichen Jia

Dynamic effective connectivity networks (dECNs) reveal the changing directed brain activity and the dynamic causal influences among brain regions, which facilitate the identification of individual differences and enhance the understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Faming Xu , Yiding Wang , Chen Qiao , Gang Qu , Vince D. Calhoun , Julia M. Stephen , Tony W. Wilson , Yu-Ping Wang

The exponential growth of multivariate time series data from sensor networks in domains like industrial monitoring and smart cities requires efficient and accurate forecasting models. Current deep learning methods often fail to adequately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xinxing Zhou , Jiaqi Ye , Shubao Zhao , Ming Jin , Chengyi Yang , Yanlong Wen , Xiaojie Yuan

Time-series representation learning is a fundamental task for time-series analysis. While significant progress has been made to achieve accurate representations for downstream applications, the learned representations often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Yuening Li , Zhengzhang Chen , Daochen Zha , Mengnan Du , Denghui Zhang , Haifeng Chen , Xia Hu

Long-context understanding is crucial for many NLP applications, yet transformers struggle with efficiency due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Sparse attention methods alleviate this cost but often impose static, predefined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hanzhi Zhang , Heng Fan , Kewei Sha , Yan Huang , Yunhe Feng

Forecasting faithful trajectories of multivariate time series from practical scopes is essential for reasonable decision-making. Recent methods majorly tailor generative conditional diffusion models to estimate the target temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Hui Xiong

Transformers have achieved remarkable performance in multivariate time series(MTS) forecasting due to their capability to capture long-term dependencies. However, the canonical attention mechanism has two key limitations: (1) its quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yifan Zhang , Rui Wu , Sergiu M. Dascalu , Frederick C. Harris

Causal discovery between collections of time-series data can help diagnose causes of symptoms and hopefully prevent faults before they occur. However, reliable causal discovery can be very challenging, especially when the data acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Haonan Chen , Bo Yuan Chang , Mohamed A. Naiel , Georges Younes , Steven Wardell , Stan Kleinikkink , John S. Zelek

Multivariate Time Series Classification (MTSC) is crucial in extensive practical applications, such as environmental monitoring, medical EEG analysis, and action recognition. Real-world time series datasets typically exhibit complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yang Mu , Muhammad Shahzad , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Deep clustering uncovers hidden patterns and groups in complex time series data, yet its opaque decision-making limits use in safety-critical settings. This survey offers a structured overview of explainable deep clustering for time series,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Udo Schlegel , Gabriel Marques Tavares , Thomas Seidl

In the task of emotion recognition from videos, a key improvement has been to focus on emotions over time rather than a single frame. There are many architectures to address this task such as GRUs, LSTMs, Self-Attention, Transformers, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Alexander Mehta , William Yang

Streaming speech recognition architectures are employed for low-latency, real-time applications. Such architectures are often characterized by their causality. Causal architectures emit tokens at each frame, relying only on current and past…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Grant P. Strimel , Yi Xie , Brian King , Martin Radfar , Ariya Rastrow , Athanasios Mouchtaris

Anomaly detection in multivariate time series is a central challenge in industrial monitoring, as failures frequently arise from complex temporal dynamics and cross-sensor interactions. While recent deep learning models, including graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pooyan Khosravinia , João Gama , Bruno Veloso

Temporal networks are an important type of network whose topological structure changes over time. Compared with methods on static networks, temporal network embedding (TNE) methods are facing three challenges: 1) it cannot describe the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Shanfan Zhang , Zhan Bu

Discovering causal structures with latent variables from observational data is a fundamental challenge in causal discovery. Existing methods often rely on constraint-based, iterative discrete searches, limiting their scalability to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Parjanya Prashant , Ignavier Ng , Kun Zhang , Biwei Huang

Real-world problems, for example in climate applications, often require causal reasoning on spatially gridded time series data or data with comparable structure. While the underlying system is often believed to behave similarly at different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Martin Rabel , Jakob Runge