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While passive agents merely follow instructions, proactive agents align with higher-level objectives, such as assistance and safety by continuously monitoring the environment to determine when and how to act. However, developing proactive…

Human safety awareness gaps often prevent the timely recognition of everyday risks. In solving this problem, a proactive safety artificial intelligence (AI) system would work better than a reactive one. Instead of just reacting to users'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Yuejin Xie , Chihao Shen , Menghan Tian , Wenxuan Wang , Jen-tse Huang , Pinjia He

Proactive dialogue systems aim to empower chatbots with the capability of leading conversations towards specific targets, thereby enhancing user engagement and service autonomy. Existing systems typically target pre-defined keywords or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Bowen Wu , Wenqing Wang , Haoran Li , Ying Li , Jingsong Yu , Baoxun Wang

The concept of a Human-AI team has gained increasing attention in recent years. For effective collaboration between humans and AI teammates, proactivity is crucial for close coordination and effective communication. However, the design of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Matthias Kraus , Ron Riekenbrauck , Wolfgang Minker

To facilitate conversational question answering (CQA) over hybrid contexts in finance, we present a new dataset, named PACIFIC. Compared with existing CQA datasets, PACIFIC exhibits three key features: (i) proactivity, (ii) numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yang Deng , Wenqiang Lei , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent research on proactive conversational agents (PCAs) mainly focuses on improving the system's capabilities in anticipating and planning action sequences to accomplish tasks and achieve goals before users articulate their requests. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yang Deng , Lizi Liao , Zhonghua Zheng , Grace Hui Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

Smart assistants increasingly act proactively, yet mistimed or intrusive behavior often causes users to lose trust and disable these features. Learning user preferences for proactive assistance is difficult because real-world studies are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ziyi Xuan , Yiwen Wu , Zhaoyang Yan , Vinod Namboodiri , Yu Yang

Open-domain dialogue systems aim to generate natural and engaging conversations, providing significant practical value in real applications such as social robotics and personal assistants. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yufeng Wang , Jinwu Hu , Ziteng Huang , Kunyang Lin , Zitian Zhang , Peihao Chen , Yu Hu , Qianyue Wang , Zhuliang Yu , Bin Sun , Xiaofen Xing , Qingfang Zheng , Mingkui Tan

While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This paradigm ignores a critical opportunity: the idle time between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoyi Hu , Qirong Lyu , Xianghan Kong , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zixuan Guo , Yan Xu , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

We introduce CausalVQA, a benchmark dataset for video question answering (VQA) composed of question-answer pairs that probe models' understanding of causality in the physical world. Existing VQA benchmarks either tend to focus on surface…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Aaron Foss , Chloe Evans , Sasha Mitts , Koustuv Sinha , Ammar Rizvi , Justine T. Kao

Dialogue models falter in noisy, multi-speaker environments, often producing irrelevant responses and awkward turn-taking. We present AV-Dialog, the first multimodal dialog framework that uses both audio and visual cues to track the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Tuochao Chen , Bandhav Veluri , Hongyu Gong , Shyamnath Gollakota

Users typically engage with LLMs interactively, yet most existing benchmarks evaluate them in a static, single-turn format, posing reliability concerns in interactive scenarios. We identify a key obstacle towards reliability: LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shuyue Stella Li , Vidhisha Balachandran , Shangbin Feng , Jonathan S. Ilgen , Emma Pierson , Pang Wei Koh , Yulia Tsvetkov

We introduce a dynamic benchmarking system for conversational agents that evaluates their performance through a single, simulated, and lengthy user$\leftrightarrow$agent interaction. The interaction is a conversation between the user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 David Castillo-Bolado , Joseph Davidson , Finlay Gray , Marek Rosa

A proactive dialogue system has the ability to proactively lead the conversation. Different from the general chatbots which only react to the user, proactive dialogue systems can be used to achieve some goals, e.g., to recommend some items…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Yutao Zhu , Jian-Yun Nie , Kun Zhou , Pan Du , Hao Jiang , Zhicheng Dou

Information-Seeking Dialogue (ISD) agents aim to provide accurate responses to user queries. While proficient in directly addressing user queries, these agents, as well as LLMs in general, predominantly exhibit reactive behavior, lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jing Yang Lee , Seokhwan Kim , Kartik Mehta , Jiun-Yu Kao , Yu-Hsiang Lin , Arpit Gupta

Recently, spoken dialogue systems have been widely deployed in a variety of applications, serving a huge number of end-users. A common issue is that the errors resulting from noisy utterances, semantic misunderstandings, or lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Wei Shen , Xiaonan He , Chuheng Zhang , Xuyun Zhang , Jian XIe

Traffic monitoring is crucial for urban mobility, road safety, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Deep learning has advanced video-based traffic monitoring through video question answering (VideoQA) models, enabling structured…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Joseph Raj Vishal , Divesh Basina , Rutuja Patil , Manas Srinivas Gowda , Katha Naik , Yezhou Yang , Bharatesh Chakravarthi

Most LLM benchmarks score how well a model responds to explicit requests. They leave unmeasured a different conversational ability: noticing and acting on needs the user has implied but not said. We call this \emph{conversational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sepehr Harfi , Ahmad Salimi , Dongming Shen , Alex Smola

This article presents a multimodal emotion recognition module integrated into a proactive Socially Interactive Agent (SIA) powered by generative artificial intelligence. The system evaluates real-time affective states through two distinct…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Adnana Dragut , Raquel Lacuesta , F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , Jose M. Buades-Rubio

Collaborative robots must quickly adapt to their partner's intent and preferences to proactively identify helpful actions. This is especially true in situated settings where human partners can continually teach robots new high-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jennifer Grannen , Siddharth Karamcheti , Blake Wulfe , Dorsa Sadigh