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Many SLT systems quietly assume that brief chunks of signing map directly to spoken-language words. That assumption breaks down because signers often create meaning on the fly using context, space, and movement. We revisit SLT and argue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yiyang Jiang , Li Zhang , Xiao-Yong Wei , Li Qing

Sign Language Translation (SLT) first uses a Sign Language Recognition (SLR) system to extract sign language glosses from videos. Then, a translation system generates spoken language translations from the sign language glosses. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Kayo Yin , Jesse Read

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that aims to translate sign videos into spoken language. Inspired by the strong translation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) that are trained on extensive multilingual text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jia Gong , Lin Geng Foo , Yixuan He , Hossein Rahmani , Jun Liu

Gloss-free sign language translation (SLT) is hindered by two key challenges: **inadequate sign representation** that fails to capture nuanced visual cues, and **sentence-level semantic misalignment** in current LLM-based methods, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhi Rao , Yucheng Zhou , Benjia Zhou , Yiqing Huang , Sergio Escalera , Jun Wan

Sign language translation (SLT) addresses the problem of translating information from a sign language in video to a spoken language in text. Existing studies, while showing progress, are often limited to narrow domains and/or few sign…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Biao Zhang , Garrett Tanzer , Orhan Firat

Sign language recognition (SLR) plays a vital role in facilitating communication for the hearing-impaired community. SLR is a weakly supervised task where entire videos are annotated with glosses, making it challenging to identify the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hao Chen , Jiaze Wang , Ziyu Guo , Jinpeng Li , Donghao Zhou , Bian Wu , Chenyong Guan , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

Despite existing pioneering works on sign language translation (SLT), there is a non-trivial obstacle, i.e., the limited quantity of parallel sign-text data. To tackle this parallel data bottleneck, we propose a sign back-translation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Hao Zhou , Wengang Zhou , Weizhen Qi , Junfu Pu , Houqiang Li

Sign language translation (SLT) is challenging, as it involves converting sign language videos into natural language. Previous studies have prioritized accuracy over diversity. However, diversity is crucial for handling lexical and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 JiHwan Moon , Jihoon Park , Jungeun Kim , Jongseong Bae , Hyeongwoo Jeon , Ha Young Kim

A major impediment to the advancement of sign language translation (SLT) is data scarcity. Much of the sign language data currently available on the web cannot be used for training supervised models due to the lack of aligned captions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Phillip Rust , Bowen Shi , Skyler Wang , Necati Cihan Camgöz , Jean Maillard

Sign Language Translation has attained considerable success recently, raising hopes for improved communication with the Deaf. A pre-processing step called tokenization improves the success of translations. Tokens can be learned from sign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Alptekin Orbay , Lale Akarun

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that requires bridging the modality gap between visual and linguistic information while capturing subtle variations in hand shapes and movements. To address these challenges, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sobhan Asasi , Mohamed Ilyas Lakhal , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Automatic Sign Language Translation requires the integration of both computer vision and natural language processing to effectively bridge the communication gap between sign and spoken languages. However, the deficiency in large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ryan Wong , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Sign language translation (SLT) is typically trained with text in a single spoken language, which limits scalability and cross-language generalization. Earlier approaches have replaced gloss supervision with text-based sentence embeddings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yasser Hamidullah , Shakib Yazdani , Cennet Oguz , Josef van Genabith , Cristina España-Bonet

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that aims to generate spoken language sentences from sign language videos, both of which have different grammar and word/gloss order. From a Neural Machine Translation (NMT) perspective,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Sign language translation from video to spoken text presents unique challenges owing to the distinct grammar, expression nuances, and high variation of visual appearance across different speakers and contexts. The intermediate gloss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Pooya Fayyazsanavi , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Jana Košecká

Sign language translation (SLT) converts continuous sign videos into spoken-language text, yet it remains challenging due to the intrinsic modality mismatch between visual signs and written text, particularly in gloss-free settings. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Changhao Lai , Rui Zhao , Xuewen Zhong , Jinsong Su , Yidong Chen

Sign language translation (SLT) aims to convert continuous sign language videos into textual sentences. As a typical multi-modal task, there exists an inherent modality gap between sign language videos and spoken language text, which makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Rui Zhao , Liang Zhang , Biao Fu , Cong Hu , Jinsong Su , Yidong Chen

The complexity of Sign Language (SL) data processing brings many challenges. The current approach to recognition of SL signs aims to translate RGB sign language videos through pose information into Word-based ID Glosses, which serve to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sen Fang , Yalin Feng , Chunyu Sui , Hongbin Zhong , Yanxin Zhang , Hongwei Yi , Hezhen Hu , Dimitris N. Metaxas

This paper presents a new unified approach to semantic segmentation in both images and videos by using language modeling to output the masks as sequences of discrete tokens. We use run length encoding (RLE) to discretize the segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Abhineet Singh , Justin Rozeboom , Nilanjan Ray

Millions of hearing impaired people around the world routinely use some variants of sign languages to communicate, thus the automatic translation of a sign language is meaningful and important. Currently, there are two sub-problems in Sign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jie Huang , Wengang Zhou , Qilin Zhang , Houqiang Li , Weiping Li