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Large language models (LLMs) such as GPTs and Mixtral-8x7B have revolutionized machine intelligence due to their exceptional abilities in generic ML tasks. Transiting LLMs from datacenters to edge devices brings benefits like better privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Rongjie Yi , Liwei Guo , Shiyun Wei , Ao Zhou , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu

Pre-training decoder-only language models relies on vast amounts of high-quality data, yet the availability of such data is increasingly reaching its limits. While metadata is commonly used to create and curate these datasets, its potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

The growing scale of large language models (LLMs) has intensified demands on computation and memory, making efficient inference a key challenge. While sparsity can reduce these costs, existing design space exploration (DSE) frameworks often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Junyi Wu , Chao Fang , Zhongfeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have long held sway in the realms of artificial intelligence research. Numerous efficient techniques, including weight pruning, quantization, and distillation, have been embraced to compress LLMs, targeting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Yifan Gong , Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Yushu Wu , Ming Lin , Chao Wu , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Training large language models (LLMs) efficiently while preserving model quality poses significant challenges, particularly with subbyte precision supported by state-of-the-art GPUs. Current mixed-precision training approaches either apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yunjie Pan , Yongyi Yang , Hanmei Yang , Scott Mahlke

Transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) mostly suffer from excessive overhead despite their advanced capacity. For resource-constrained devices, there is an urgent need for a spatially and temporally efficient model which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Yuanxin Liu , Zhengxiao Liu , Lei Wang , Weiping Wang

Extensive efforts have been made to boost the performance in the domain of language models by introducing various attention-based transformers. However, the inclusion of linear layers with large dimensions contributes to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Priyansh Bhatnagar , Linfeng Wen , Mingu Kang

Conventional model compression techniques for LLMs address high memory consumption and slow inference challenges but typically require computationally expensive retraining to preserve accuracy. In contrast, one-shot compression methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Mohammad Mozaffari , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the frontier of artificial intelligence but are comprised of hundreds of billions of parameters and operations. For faster inference latency, LLMs are deployed on multiple hardware accelerators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jan Hansen-Palmus , Michael Truong Le , Oliver Hausdörfer , Alok Verma

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Ternary quantization has emerged as a powerful technique for reducing both computational and memory footprint of large language models (LLM), enabling efficient real-time inference deployment without significantly compromising model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhirui Huang , Rui Ma , Shijie Cao , Ran Shu , Ian Wang , Ting Cao , Chixiao Chen , Yongqiang Xiong

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for real-time intelligence on edge devices is rapidly growing. However, conventional hardware architectures face a fundamental memory wall challenge, where limited on-device memory capacity and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongyi Guan , Yijia Zhang , Wenqiang Wang , Yizhao Gao , Shijie Cao , Chen Zhang , Ningyi Xu

N:M structured pruning is essential for large language models (LLMs) because it can remove less important network weights and reduce the memory and computation requirements. Existing pruning methods mainly focus on designing metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Chi Xu , Gefei Zhang , Yantong Zhu , Luca Benini , Guosheng Hu , Yawei Li , Zhihong Zhang

We present ImplicitSLIM, a novel unsupervised learning approach for sparse high-dimensional data, with applications to collaborative filtering. Sparse linear methods (SLIM) and their variations show outstanding performance, but they are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ilya Shenbin , Sergey Nikolenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success with their billion-level parameters, yet they incur high inference overheads. The emergence of activation sparsity in LLMs provides a natural approach to reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Haizhong Zheng , Xiaoyan Bai , Xueshen Liu , Z. Morley Mao , Beidi Chen , Fan Lai , Atul Prakash

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). However, while uniform-precision quantization is computationally efficient, it often compromises model performance. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wei Huang , Haotong Qin , Yangdong Liu , Yawei Li , Qinshuo Liu , Xianglong Liu , Luca Benini , Michele Magno , Shiming Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

The large number of parameters in Pretrained Language Models enhance their performance, but also make them resource-intensive, making it challenging to deploy them on commodity hardware like a single GPU. Due to the memory and power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zirui Liu , Qingquan Song , Qiang Charles Xiao , Sathiya Keerthi Selvaraj , Rahul Mazumder , Aman Gupta , Xia Hu

Executing machine learning inference tasks on resource-constrained edge devices requires careful hardware-software co-design optimizations. Recent examples have shown how transformer-based deep neural network models such as ALBERT can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zirui Fu , Aleksandre Avaliani , Marco Donato

Large language models deliver strong generative performance but at the cost of massive parameter counts, memory use, and decoding latency. Prior work has shown that pruning and structured sparsity can preserve accuracy under substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrew Kiruluta
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