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Recent works in Reinforcement Learning (RL) combine model-free (Mf)-RL algorithms with model-based (Mb)-RL approaches to get the best from both: asymptotic performance of Mf-RL and high sample-efficiency of Mb-RL. Inspired by these works,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Soumya Rani Samineni

Centralised training with decentralised execution (CT-DE) serves as the foundation of many leading multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms. Despite its popularity, it suffers from a critical drawback due to its reliance on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Taher Jafferjee , Juliusz Ziomek , Tianpei Yang , Zipeng Dai , Jianhong Wang , Matthew Taylor , Kun Shao , Jun Wang , David Mguni

Deception is prevalent in human social settings. However, studies into the effect of deception on reinforcement learning algorithms have been limited to simplistic settings, restricting their applicability to complex real-world problems.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Matthew Aitchison , Lyndon Benke , Penny Sweetser

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in a stochastic network of agents. The objective is to find localized policies that maximize the (discounted) global reward. In general, scalability is a challenge in this setting because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Yiheng Lin , Guannan Qu , Longbo Huang , Adam Wierman

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths across domains and come with varying inference costs, motivating the design of multi-agent LLM systems where specialized models collaborate efficiently. Existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bowen Jin , TJ Collins , Donghan Yu , Mert Cemri , Shenao Zhang , Mengyu Li , Jay Tang , Tian Qin , Zhiyang Xu , Jiarui Lu , Guoli Yin , Jiawei Han , Zirui Wang

Online Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a prominent framework for efficient agent coordination. Crucially, enhancing policy expressiveness is pivotal for achieving superior performance. Diffusion-based generative models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Zhuoran Li , Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Qingxin Xia , Lihua Zhang , Longbo Huang

An increasing number of DeFi protocols are gaining popularity, facilitating transactions among multiple anonymous users. State Manipulation is one of the notorious attacks in DeFi smart contracts, with price variable being the most commonly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Hao Wu , Haijun Wang , Shangwang Li , Yin Wu , Ming Fan , Yitao Zhao , Ting Liu

Agent-based models (ABMs) have shown promise for modelling various real world phenomena incompatible with traditional equilibrium analysis. However, a critical concern is the manual definition of behavioural rules in ABMs. Recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sumitra Ganesh

Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an emerging field that aims to learn optimal multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets. Compared to single-agent case, multi-agent setting involves a large joint state-action space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongkai Liu , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Xiawei Wu , Yile Liang , Donghui Li , Xuetao Ding

In this paper, a novel Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approach, Multi-Agent Continuous Dynamic Policy Gradient (MACDPP) was proposed to tackle the issues of limited capability and sample efficiency in various scenarios controlled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Chenyang Miao , Yunduan Cui , Huiyun Li , Xinyu Wu

Financial systems run nonstop and must stay reliable even during cyber incidents. Modern attacks move across many services (apps, APIs, identity, payment rails), so defenders must make a sequence of actions under time pressure. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Srikumar Nayak

In Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), accurately perceiving opponents' strategies is essential for both cooperative and adversarial contexts, particularly within dynamic environments. While Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Mohidul Haque Mridul , Mohammad Foysal Khan , Redwan Ahmed Rizvee , Md Mosaddek Khan

Role-based learning is a promising approach to improving the performance of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Nevertheless, without manual assistance, current role-based methods cannot guarantee stably discovering a set of roles to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Xianghua Zeng , Hao Peng , Angsheng Li

Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is emerging as a key framework for various sequential decision-making and control tasks. Unlike their single-agent counterparts, multi-agent systems necessitate successful cooperation among the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jahir Sadik Monon , Deeparghya Dutta Barua , Md. Mosaddek Khan

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Intraday surgical scheduling is a multi-objective decision problem under uncertainty-balancing elective throughput, urgent and emergency demand, delays, sequence-dependent setups, and overtime. We formulate the problem as a cooperative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kailiang Liu , Ying Chen , Ralf Borndörfer , Thorsten Koch

Federated Learning (FL), introduced in 2016, was designed to enhance data privacy in collaborative model training environments. Among the FL paradigm, horizontal FL, where clients share the same set of features but different data samples,…

The increasing trend in adopting electric vehicles (EVs) will significantly impact the residential electricity demand, which results in an increased risk of transformer overload in the distribution grid. To mitigate such risks, there are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Amin Shojaeighadikolaei , Morteza Hashemi

Learning to collaborate is critical in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Previous works promote collaboration by maximizing the correlation of agents' behaviors, which is typically characterized by Mutual Information (MI) in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Pengyi Li , Hongyao Tang , Tianpei Yang , Xiaotian Hao , Tong Sang , Yan Zheng , Jianye Hao , Matthew E. Taylor , Wenyuan Tao , Zhen Wang , Fazl Barez

This paper considers multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where the rewards are received after delays and the delay time varies across agents and across time steps. Based on the V-learning framework, this paper proposes MARL algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Yuyang Zhang , Runyu Zhang , Yuantao Gu , Na Li