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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique in machine learning and multivariate statistics. To improve the interpretability of PCA, various approaches to obtain sparse principal direction loadings have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Agniva Chowdhury , Petros Drineas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

We present and analyze a simple, two-step algorithm to approximate the optimal solution of the sparse PCA problem. Our approach first solves a L1 penalized version of the NP-hard sparse PCA optimization problem and then uses a randomized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Kimon Fountoulakis , Abhisek Kundu , Eugenia-Maria Kontopoulou , Petros Drineas

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

Sparse PCA is one of the most well-studied problems in high-dimensional statistics. In this problem, we are given samples from a distribution with covariance $\Sigma$, whose top eigenvector $v \in R^d$ is $s$-sparse. Existing sparse PCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar , Kevin Tian , Peiyuan Zhang

Sparse PCA (SPCA) is a fundamental model in machine learning and data analytics, which has witnessed a variety of application areas such as finance, manufacturing, biology, healthcare. To select a prespecified-size principal submatrix from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-31 Yongchun Li , Weijun Xie

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimensionality reduction technique for obtaining principal components which are linear combinations of a small subset of the original features. Existing approaches cannot supply…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Dimitris Bertsimas , Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) has emerged as a powerful technique for modern data analysis, providing improved interpretation of low-rank structures by identifying localized spatial structures in the data and disambiguating…

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in high-dimensional data analysis. Despite many methodological and theoretical developments in the past two decades, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Teng Zhang , Haoyi Yang , Lingzhou Xue

It is well known that Sparse PCA (Sparse Principal Component Analysis) is NP-hard to solve exactly on worst-case instances. What is the complexity of solving Sparse PCA approximately? Our contributions include: 1) a simple and efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-22 Siu On Chan , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Aviad Rubinstein

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) is an important technique for high-dimensional data analysis, improving interpretability by imposing sparsity on principal components. However, existing methods often fail to simultaneously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Difei Cheng , Qiao Hu

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA) is a pivotal tool in data analysis and dimensionality reduction. However, Sparse PCA is a challenging problem in both theory and practice: it is known to be NP-hard and current exact methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou , Yinglun Zhu

Estimating the leading principal components of data, assuming they are sparse, is a central task in modern high-dimensional statistics. Many algorithms were developed for this sparse PCA problem, from simple diagonal thresholding to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Robert Krauthgamer , Boaz Nadler , Dan Vilenchik

Principal component analysis (PCA) requires the computation of a low-rank approximation to a matrix containing the data being analyzed. In many applications of PCA, the best possible accuracy of any rank-deficient approximation is at most a…

Computation · Statistics 2010-06-04 Vladimir Rokhlin , Arthur Szlam , Mark Tygert

Sparse PCA is the optimization problem obtained from PCA by adding a sparsity constraint on the principal components. Sparse PCA is NP-hard and hard to approximate even in the single-component case. In this paper we settle the computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Alberto Del Pia

We introduce a novel algorithm that computes the $k$-sparse principal component of a positive semidefinite matrix $A$. Our algorithm is combinatorial and operates by examining a discrete set of special vectors lying in a low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-09 Dimitris S. Papailiopoulos , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Stavros Korokythakis

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique wherein one seeks a low-rank representation of a data matrix with additional sparsity constraints on the obtained representation. We consider two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Yash Deshpande , Andrea Montanari

We propose a new sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) method in which the solutions are obtained by projecting the full cardinality principal components onto subsets of variables. The resulting components are guaranteed to explain a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-09 Giovanni Maria Merola

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

Sparse Principal Components Analysis aims to find principal components with few non-zero loadings. We derive such sparse solutions by adding a genuine sparsity requirement to the original Principal Components Analysis (PCA) objective…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-19 Giovanni Maria Merola

In this paper we propose a new iterative algorithm to solve the fair PCA (FPCA) problem. We start with the max-min fair PCA formulation originally proposed in [1] and derive a simple and efficient iterative algorithm which is based on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-11 Prabhu Babu , Petre Stoica
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