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Sign language production (SLP) aims to translate spoken language sentences into a sequence of pose frames in a sign language, bridging the communication gap and promoting digital inclusion for deaf and hard-of-hearing communities. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Liqian Feng , Lintao Wang , Kun Hu , Dehui Kong , Zhiyong Wang

Sign languages are multi-channel visual languages, where signers use a continuous 3D space to communicate.Sign Language Production (SLP), the automatic translation from spoken to sign languages, must embody both the continuous articulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

The Sign Language Production (SLP) project aims to automatically translate spoken languages into sign sequences. Our approach focuses on the transformation of sign gloss sequences into their corresponding sign pose sequences (G2P). In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Pan Xie , Qipeng Zhang , Taiyi Peng , Hao Tang , Yao Du , Zexian Li

We present significant extensions to diffusion-based sequence generation models, blurring the line with autoregressive language models. We introduce hyperschedules, which assign distinct noise schedules to individual token positions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nima Fathi , Torsten Scholak , Pierre-André Noël

In this paper, we propose a dual-condition diffusion pre-training model named SignDiff that can generate human sign language speakers from a skeleton pose. SignDiff has a novel Frame Reinforcement Network called FR-Net, similar to dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sen Fang , Chunyu Sui , Yanghao Zhou , Xuedong Zhang , Hongbin Zhong , Yapeng Tian , Chen Chen

The goal of automatic Sign Language Production (SLP) is to translate spoken language to a continuous stream of sign language video at a level comparable to a human translator. If this was achievable, then it would revolutionise Deaf hearing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Phonetic representations are used when recording spoken languages, but no equivalent exists for recording signed languages. As a result, linguists have proposed several annotation systems that operate on the gloss or sub-unit level;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Harry Walsh , Abolfazl Ravanshad , Mariam Rahmani , Richard Bowden

Gloss-free Sign Language Production (SLP) offers a direct translation of spoken language sentences into sign language, bypassing the need for gloss intermediaries. This paper presents the Sign language Vector Quantization Network, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Eui Jun Hwang , Huije Lee , Jong C. Park

Sign Languages (SL) serve as the primary mode of communication for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities. Deep learning methods for SL recognition and translation have achieved promising results. However, Sign Language Production (SLP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Vasileios Baltatzis , Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Evangelos Ververas , Guanxiong Sun , Jiankang Deng , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Sign Language Production (SLP) is the process of converting the complex input text into a real video. Most previous works focused on the Text2Gloss, Gloss2Pose, Pose2Vid stages, and some concentrated on Prompt2Gloss and Text2Avatar stages.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sen Fang , Yalin Feng , Hongbin Zhong , Yanxin Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Neural Sign Language Production (SLP) aims to automatically translate from spoken language sentences to sign language videos. Historically the SLP task has been broken into two steps; Firstly, translating from a spoken language sentence to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Harry Walsh , Ben Saunders , Richard Bowden

Sign Language Production (SLP) aims to translate expressions in spoken language into corresponding ones in sign language, such as skeleton-based sign poses or videos. Existing SLP models are either AutoRegressive (AR) or Non-Autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Eui Jun Hwang , Jung Ho Kim , Suk Min Cho , Jong C. Park

Sign language understanding has made significant strides; however, there is still no viable solution for generating sign sequences directly from entire spoken content, e.g., text or speech. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jian Ma , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang , Feng Zheng

In this work, we propose Dimple, the first Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Large Language Model (DMLLM). We observe that training with a purely discrete diffusion approach leads to significant training instability, suboptimal performance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Runpeng Yu , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

The modern autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance on NLP benchmarks, and they are deployed in the real world. However, they still suffer from limitations of the autoregressive training paradigm.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

Despite the growing success of diffusion models in continuous-valued domains (e.g., images), similar efforts for discrete domains such as text have yet to match the performance of autoregressive language models. In this work, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Xiaochuang Han , Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to dominant autoregressive approaches. Although they achieve competitive performance on several tasks, a substantial gap remains in open-ended text generation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mengyu Ye , Ryosuke Takahashi , Keito Kudo , Jun Suzuki

Diffusion language models offer unique benefits over autoregressive models due to their potential for parallelized generation and controllability, yet they lag in likelihood modeling and are limited to fixed-length generation. In this work,…

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