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The substantial angular divergence of electron beams produced by direct laser acceleration is often considered as an inherent negative feature of the mechanism. The divergence however arises primarily because the standard approach relies on…

Inertial sensors are commonly used to measure human head motion. Some sensors have been validated with dummy or cadaver experiments, but methods to evaluate sensors in vivo are lacking. Here we present an in vivo method using high speed…

Criticality metrics such as time-to-collision (TTC) quantify collision urgency but conflate the consequences of false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) perception errors. We propose two novel effort-based metrics: False Speed Reduction…

We present an alternative approach to the forecasting of motor vehicle collision rates. We adopt an oft-used tool in mathematical finance, the Heston Stochastic Volatility model, to forecast the short-term and long-term evolution of motor…

Autonomous vehicles ought to predict the surrounding agents' trajectories to allow safe maneuvers in uncertain and complex traffic situations. As companies increasingly apply trajectory prediction in the real world, security becomes a…

Nowadays, there is evidence that several factors may increase the risk, for an infant, to require stabilisation or resuscitation manoeuvres at birth. However, this risk factors are not completely known, and a universally applicable model…

Coronary heart disease (CHD) caused by hardening of artery walls due to cholesterol known as atherosclerosis is responsible for large number of deaths world-wide. The disease progression is slow, asymptomatic and may lead to sudden cardiac…

In this context, a major focus of this thesis is on unintentional collisions, where a straight goal is to eliminate injury from users and passerby's via realtime sensing and control systems. A less obvious focus is to combine collision…

We present a principled method for motion prediction via dynamic simulation for rigid bodies in intermittent contact with each other where the contact is assumed to be a planar non-convex contact patch. The planar non-convex contact patch…

Clinical predictive algorithms are increasingly being used to form the basis for optimal treatment policies--that is, to enable interventions to be targeted to the patients who will presumably benefit most. Despite taking advantage of…

We present Contingency Model Predictive Control (CMPC), a motion planning and control framework that optimizes performance objectives while simultaneously maintaining a contingency plan -- an alternate trajectory that avoids a potential…

Speeding has been acknowledged as a critical determinant in increasing the risk of crashes and their resulting injury severities. This paper demonstrates that severe speeding-related crashes within the state of Pennsylvania have a spatial…

Female athletes are severely understudied in the field of concussion research, despite higher prevalence for injuries and tendency to have longer recovery time. Hormonal fluctuations due to normal menstrual cycle (MC) or hormonal…

$N$-body simulations are computationally expensive, so machine-learning (ML)-based emulation techniques have emerged as a way to increase their speed. Although fast, surrogate models have limited trustworthiness due to potentially…

Unforeseen particle accelerator interruptions, also known as interlocks, lead to abrupt operational changes despite being necessary safety measures. These may result in substantial loss of beam time and perhaps even equipment damage. We…

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide but it is believed to be highly preventable. The majority of stroke prevention focuses on targeting high-risk individuals but its is important to understand how the…

Many agencies have adopted the FHWA-recommended systemic approach to traffic safety, an essential supplement to the traditional hotspot crash analysis which develops region-wide safety projects based on identified risk factors. However,…

Distributional robustness is a central goal of prediction algorithms due to the prevalent distribution shifts in real-world data. The prediction model aims to minimize the worst-case risk among a class of distributions, a.k.a., an…

Suppose a projectile collides perpendicularly with a stationary rigid rod on a smooth horizontal table. We show that, contrary to what one naturally expects, it is not always the case that the rod acquires maximum angular velocity when…

The volume of stroke lesion is the gold standard for predicting the clinical outcome of stroke patients. However, the presence of stroke lesion may cause neural disruptions to other brain regions, and these potentially damaged regions may…