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This paper represents the first effort to quantify uncertainty in carbon intensity forecasting for datacenter decarbonization. We identify and analyze two types of uncertainty -- temporal and spatial -- and discuss their system…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Amy Li , Sihang Liu , Yi Ding

To improve the environmental implications of the growing demand of computing, future applications need to improve the carbon-efficiency of computing infrastructures. State-of-the-art approaches, however, do not consider the intermittent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Young Geun Kim , Udit Gupta , Andrew McCrabb , Yonglak Son , Valeria Bertacco , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

The rapid growth of AI applications is dramatically increasing data center energy demand, exacerbating carbon emissions, and necessitating a shift towards 24/7 carbon-free energy (CFE). Unlike traditional annual energy matching, 24/7 CFE…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Yijie Yang , Jian Shi , Dan Wang , Chenye Wu , Zhu Han

Sustainability has over the past two decades emerged as a key concern in human-computer interaction, with a much critiqued focus on quantification and eco-feedback. This approach fits within a modernist framing of sustainability, treating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Aksel Biørn-Hansen

Mobile networks are becoming energy hungry, and this trend is expected to continue due to a surge in communication and computation demand. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), will entail energy-consuming services and applications, with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Neda Shalavi , Giovanni Perin , Andrea Zanella , Michele Rossi

With growing use of internet and exponential growth in amount of data to be stored and processed (known as 'big data'), the size of data centers has greatly increased. This, however, has resulted in significant increase in the power…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Sparsh Mittal

The rapid growth of foundation model training and large-scale AI services has driven ground data centers toward unprecedented power densities, intensifying challenges in energy supply, cooling, and spatial scalability. Space Data Centers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minghao Sun , Zehui Chen , Jinbo Hou , Kezhi Wang , Xiaoli Chu

Companies with datacenters are procuring significant amounts of renewable energy to reduce their carbon footprint. There is increasing interest in achieving 24/7 Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) matching in electricity usage, aiming to eliminate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-16 Iegor Riepin , Tom Brown , Victor Zavala

Data centers (DCs) are emerging as large, geographically distributed, controllable loads whose participation in electricity markets can significantly affect grid operation, especially when cloud platforms shift workloads across sites to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Shijie Pan , Zaint A. Alexakis , Charalambos Konstantinou

The growing electricity demand of cloud and edge computing increases operational costs and will soon have a considerable impact on the environment. A possible countermeasure is equipping IT infrastructure directly with on-site renewable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Philipp Wiesner , Dominik Scheinert , Thorsten Wittkopp , Lauritz Thamsen , Odej Kao

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework aimed at advancing research and policy development in the realm of decarbonization within electric power systems. The framework focuses on three key aspects: carbon accounting, carbon-aware…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Xin Chen , Hungpo Chao , Wenbo Shi , Na Li

Greenhouse gas emissions from the residential sector represent a significant fraction of global emissions. Governments and utilities have designed incentives to stimulate the adoption of decarbonization technologies such as rooftop PV and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Anupama Sitaraman , Adam Lechowicz , Noman Bashir , Xutong Liu , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Prashant Shenoy

It is estimated that data centers constitute 1.5% of global electricity usage. At the same time, to serve increasing user requirements, modern cloud providers are operating multiple geographically distributed data centers. Distributed data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Dražen Lučanin

Recent advances in distributed learning raise environmental concerns due to the large energy needed to train and move data to/from data centers. Novel paradigms, such as federated learning (FL), are suitable for decentralized model training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Stefano Savazzi , Sanaz Kianoush , Vittorio Rampa , Mehdi Bennis

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The exponential growth of AI has created unprecedented demand for computational resources, pushing chip designs to the limit while simultaneously escalating the environmental footprint of computing. As the industry transitions toward…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Jiajun Hu , Aman Arora , Vidya A. Chhabria

With the increasing popularity of Internet-based services and applications, power efficiency is becoming a major concern for data center operators, as high electricity consumption not only increases greenhouse gas emissions, but also…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Dmytro Dyachuk , Michele Mazzucco

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

Deep learning applications at the network edge lead to a significant growth in AI-related carbon emissions, presenting a critical sustainability challenge. The existing edge computing frameworks optimize for latency and throughput, but they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan , Chuanyi Sun , Hailong Jiang

Training large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models demands significant computational power and energy, leading to increased carbon footprint with potential environmental repercussions. This paper delves into the challenges of training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Shaolei Ren , Jie Xu