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The complex nature of tripartite peptide-MHC-TCR interactions is a critical yet underexplored area in immunogenicity prediction. Traditional studies on TCR-antigen binding have not fully addressed the complex dependencies in triad binding.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-06 Jiahao Ma , Hongzong Li , Jian-Dong Huang , Ye-Fan Hu , Yifan Chen

Microstructure often dictates materials performance, yet it is rarely treated as an explicit design variable because microstructure is hard to quantify, predict, and optimize. Here, we introduce an image centric, closed-loop framework that…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-05-14 Geunho Choi , Changhwan Lee , Jieun Kim , Insoo Ye , Keeyoung Jung , Inchul Park

Designing protein-binding proteins with high affinity is critical in biomedical research and biotechnology. Despite recent advancements targeting specific proteins, the ability to create high-affinity binders for arbitrary protein targets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhenqiao Song , Tiaoxiao Li , Lei Li , Martin Renqiang Min

Despite the exciting progress in target-specific de novo protein binder design, peptide binder design remains challenging due to the flexibility of peptide structures and the scarcity of protein-peptide complex structure data. In this…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Fanhao Wang , Yuzhe Wang , Laiyi Feng , Changsheng Zhang , Luhua Lai

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which bind peptides for presentation on the cell surface, play an important role in cell-mediated immunity. In light of developing databases and technologies over the years, significant…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-26 Ayşenaz Ezgi Ergin , Deniz Turgay Altılar

Class-labeled datasets, particularly those common in scientific domains, are rife with internal structure, yet current class-conditional diffusion models ignore these relationships and implicitly diffuse on all classes in a flat fashion. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Alex M. Tseng , Max Shen , Tommaso Biancalani , Gabriele Scalia

T cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, playing a role in infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer. T cell function is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR) protein, a highly diverse receptor targeting specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Marco Garcia Noceda , Matthew T Noakes , Andrew FigPope , Daniel E Mattox , Bryan Howie , Harlan Robins

Motivation: Profile hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) are a popular and very useful tool in the detection of the remote homologue protein families. Unfortunately, their performance is not always satisfactory when proteins are in the 'twilight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-11 Juliana S Bernardes , Alberto Davila , Vitor Santos Costa , Gerson Zaverucha

The T cell arm of the adaptive immune system provides the host protection against unknown pathogens by discriminating between host and foreign material. This discriminatory capability is achieved by the creation of a repertoire of cells…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Kevin Ng Chau , Jason T. George , José N. Onuchic , Xingcheng Lin , Herbert Levine

Recent advances in de novo protein binder design have enabled increasing experimental validation, yet reported in silico metrics remain difficult to interpret or compare across studies due to non-standardized evaluation protocols. We…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Cong Liu , Milong Ren , Jiaqi Guan , Chengyue Gong , Jinyuan Sun , Xinshi Chen , Wenzhi Xiao

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to numerous cellular processes, and their characterization is vital for understanding disease mechanisms and guiding drug discovery. While protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated…

Microstructure reconstruction, a major component of inverse computational materials engineering, is currently advancing at an unprecedented rate. While various training-based and training-free approaches are developed, the majority of…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-11-28 Christian Düreth , Paul Seibert , Dennis Rücker , Stephanie Handford , Markus Kästner , Maik Gude

Molecular representation learning is pivotal for various molecular property prediction tasks related to drug discovery. Robust and accurate benchmarks are essential for refining and validating current methods. Existing molecular property…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Shikun Feng , Jiaxin Zheng , Yinjun Jia , Yanwen Huang , Fengfeng Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Structure-based drug design has seen significant advancements with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the generation of hit and lead compounds. However, most AI-driven approaches neglect the importance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xinheng He , Yijia Zhang , Haowei Lin , Xingang Peng , Xiangzhe Kong , Mingyu Li , Jianzhu Ma

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to generate 3D ligand molecules that bind to specific protein targets. Existing 3D deep generative models including diffusion models have shown great promise for SBDD. However, it is complex to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-01 Zhilin Huang , Ling Yang , Zaixi Zhang , Xiangxin Zhou , Yu Bao , Xiawu Zheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Wang , Wenming Yang

We present a conditional diffusion model for electromagnetic inverse design that generates structured media geometries directly from target differential scattering cross-section profiles, bypassing expensive iterative optimization. Our 1D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mikhail Tsukerman , Konstantin Grotov , Pavel Ginzburg

Motivation: Peptide-protein interactions (PepPIs) are central to cellular regulation and peptide therapeutics, but experimental characterization remains too slow for large-scale screening. Existing methods usually emphasize either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chupei Tang , Junxiao Kong , Moyu Tang , Di Wang , Jixiu Zhai , Ronghao Xie , Shangkun Sima , Tianchi Lu

High-throughput computational materials design promises to greatly accelerate the process of discovering new materials and compounds, and of optimizing their properties. The large databases of structures and properties that result from…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Sandip De , Felix Musil , Teresa Ingram , Carsten Baldauf , Michele Ceriotti

Benchmark data sets are an indispensable ingredient of the evaluation of graph-based machine learning methods. We release a new data set, compiled from International Planning Competitions (IPC), for benchmarking graph classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Patrick Ferber , Tengfei Ma , Siyu Huo , Jie Chen , Michael Katz

Indirect Inference (I-I) estimation of structural parameters $\theta$ {{requires matching observed and simulated statistics, which are most often generated using an auxiliary model that depends on instrumental parameters $\beta$.}} {The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-21 David T. Frazier , Eric Renault