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An all-clear flare prediction is a type of solar flare forecasting that puts more emphasis on predicting non-flaring instances (often relatively small flares and flare quiet regions) with high precision while still maintaining valuable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Anli Ji , Berkay Aydin , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Rafal Angryk

Unlike traditional time-series forecasting methods that require extensive in-task data for training, zero-shot forecasting can directly predict future values given a target time series without additional training data. Current zero-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ting-Ji Huang , Xu-Yang Chen , Han-Jia Ye

Modeling stochastic and irregularly sampled time series is a challenging problem found in a wide range of applications, especially in medicine. Neural stochastic differential equations (Neural SDEs) are an attractive modeling technique for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Xi Zhang , Yuan Pu , Yuki Kawamura , Andrew Loza , Yoshua Bengio , Dennis L. Shung , Alexander Tong

Time-Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) excel at zero-shot unimodal forecasting using numerical data, but unlike LLMs they cannot consume multimodal, non-numerical context that often shape real-world trajectories. In this work, we bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoxin Liu , Yichen Zhou , Rajat Sen , B. Aditya Prakash , Abhimanyu Das

Time series modeling and forecasting has fundamental importance to various practical domains. Thus a lot of active research works is going on in this subject during several years. Many important models have been proposed in literature for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Ratnadip Adhikari , R. K. Agrawal

Prior-data fitted networks (PFNs) have emerged as powerful foundation models for tabular causal inference, yet their extension to time series remains limited by the absence of synthetic data generators that provide interventional targets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Dennis Thumm , Ying Chen

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have shown strong results on public benchmarks, prompting comparisons to a "BERT moment" for time series. Their effectiveness in industrial settings, however, remains uncertain. We examine why TSFMs…

Heterogeneity in time series data is more pronounced than in vision or language, as temporal dynamics vary substantially across domains and tasks. Existing efforts on training time series foundation models (TSFMs) from scratch are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shengchao Chen , Guodong Long , Dikai Liu , Jing Jiang

Financial time-series forecasting is critical for maintaining economic stability, guiding informed policymaking, and promoting sustainable investment practices. However, it remains challenging due to various underlying pattern shifts. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuohang Zhu , Haodong Chen , Qiang Qu , Vera Chung

Accurate forecasting of transportation dynamics is essential for urban mobility and infrastructure planning. Although recent work has achieved strong performance with deep learning models, these methods typically require dataset-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Javier Yanes-Pulido , Filipe Rodrigues

Practitioners deploying time series forecasting models face a dilemma: exhaustively validating dozens of models is computationally prohibitive, yet choosing the wrong model risks poor performance. We show that spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Oliver Wang , Pengrui Quan , Kang Yang , Mani Srivastava

Inherent temporal heterogeneity, such as varying sampling densities and periodic structures, has posed substantial challenges in zero-shot generalization for Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs). Existing TSFMs predominantly rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kun Feng , Shaocheng Lan , Yuchen Fang , Wenchao He , Sihan Lu , Shuqi Gu , Lintao Ma , Xingyu Lu , Kan Ren

Forecasting state evolution of network systems, such as the spread of information on social networks, is significant for effective policy interventions and resource management. However, the underlying propagation dynamics constantly shift…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shihe Zhou , Ruikun Li , Huandong Wang , Yong Li

Weather foundation models (WFMs) have recently set new benchmarks in global forecast skill, yet their concrete value for the weather-sensitive infrastructure that powers modern society remains largely unexplored. In this study, we fine-tune…

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are widely used as generic feature extractors, yet the notion of non-stationarity in their embedding spaces remains poorly understood. Recent work often conflates non-stationarity with distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jinmyeong Choi , Brad Shook , Artur Dubrawski

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are transforming the forecasting paradigm through large-scale cross-domain pretraining. However, most existing TSFMs remain univariate, and recent efforts to enable cross-variate modeling still operate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yiding Liu , Yifan Hu , Hongjie Xia , Peiyuan Liu , Hongzhou Chen , Xilin Dai , Zewei Dong , Jiang-Ming Yang

We introduce LatentTimePFN (LaT-PFN), a foundational Time Series model with a strong embedding space that enables zero-shot forecasting. To achieve this, we perform in-context learning in latent space utilizing a novel integration of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Stijn Verdenius , Andrea Zerio , Roy L. M. Wang

We introduce a novel framework to financial time series forecasting that leverages causality-inspired models to balance the trade-off between invariance to distributional changes and minimization of prediction errors. To the best of our…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-20 Daniel Cunha Oliveira , Yutong Lu , Xi Lin , Mihai Cucuringu , Andre Fujita

AI tools can be useful to address model deficits in the design of communication systems. However, conventional learning-based AI algorithms yield poorly calibrated decisions, unabling to quantify their outputs uncertainty. While Bayesian…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-02 Kfir M. Cohen , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Shlomo Shamai

Prior-data fitted networks (PFNs) have recently been proposed as a promising way to train tabular foundation models. PFNs are transformers that are pre-trained on synthetic data generated from a prespecified prior distribution and that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuchen Ma , Dennis Frauen , Emil Javurek , Stefan Feuerriegel