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The production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves is a fundamental prediction of any cosmological inflationary model. The features of such a signal encode unique information about the physics of the Early Universe and beyond,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-05 Maria Chiara Guzzetti , Nicola Bartolo , Michele Liguori , Sabino Matarrese

We calculate the full spectrum, as observed today, of the cosmological gravitational waves generated within a model based on loop quantum cosmology. It is assumed that the universe, after the transition to the classical regime, undergoes a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Paulo M. Sá , Alfredo B. Henriques

We calculate the gravitational waves (GWs) produced by primordial black holes (PBHs) in the presence of the inflaton condensate in the early Universe. Combining the GW production from the evaporation process, the gravitational scattering of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-08 Mathieu Gross , Essodjolo Kpatcha , Yann Mambrini , Maria Olalla Olea-Romacho , Rishav Roshan

We consider gravitational wave production due to parametric resonance at the end of inflation, or ``preheating''. This leads to large inhomogeneities which source a stochastic background of gravitational waves at scales inside the comoving…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Richard Easther , John T. Giblin , Eugene A. Lim

In the pre-reheating era, following cosmic inflation and preceding radiation domination, the energy density may be dominated by an oscillating massive scalar condensate, such as is the case for quadratic chaotic inflation. We have found in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-27 Karsten Jedamzik , Martin Lemoine , Jerome Martin

During inflation long wavelength gravitational waves are produced, which form stochastic background in the present universe with very wide range of frequencies. Higher frequency gravitational waves never experience super-Hubble-radius…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-04 Kamil Mudrunka , Kazunori Nakayama

In this work, we systematically study gravitational wave (GW) production during both the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. While inflationary GWs can be readily derived from tensor perturbations during inflation, post-inflationary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-23 Xun-Jie Xu , Yong Xu , Qiqin Yin , Junyu Zhu

First-order phase transitions in the early Universe are a well-motivated source of gravitational waves (GWs). In this Letter, we identify a previously overlooked GW production mechanism: gravitational transition radiation, arising from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-09 Wen-Yuan Ai

I review two mechanisms by which gravitational waves can be generated at the end of inflation: preheating, and gravitons Hawking radiated during the decay of very small primordial black holes. These mechanisms are contrasted with the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-05 Richard Easther

In a previous paper [1] we considered the possibility that (within the early-radiation epoch) there has been (also) a short period of a significant presence of cosmic strings. During this radiation-plus-strings stage the Universe…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Kostas Kleidis , Apostolos Kuiroukidis , Demetrios B. Papadopoulos , Enric Verdaguer

We investigate the production of gravitational waves due to quantum fluctuations of the vacuum during the transition from the inflationary to the radiation-dominated eras of the universe, assuming this transition to be dominated by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Paulo M. Sá , Alfredo B. Henriques

We investigate how the production of gravitational waves (GWs) is affected by the GW velocity $(c_T)$ during preheating after inflation. For instance, we simulate the production of GWs after $\lambda\phi^4$ chaotic inflation, and find that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-16 Ke Wang , Qing-Guo Huang

Gravitons produced from quantum vacuum fluctuations during an inflationary stage in the early Universe have zero entropy as far as they reflect the time evolution (squeezing) of a pure state, their large occupation number notwithstanding. A…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 C. Kiefer , D. Polarski , A. A. Starobinsky

Whether or not the primordial gravitational wave (GW) produced during inflation is sufficiently strong to be observable, GWs are necessarily produced from the primordial curvature perturbations in the second order of perturbation. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-02 Kazunori Kohri , Takahiro Terada

During or towards the end of inflation, the Standard Model (SM) Higgs forms a condensate with a large amplitude. Following inflation, the condensate oscillates, decaying non-perturbatively into the rest of the SM species. The resulting…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Daniel G. Figueroa , Juan García-Bellido , Francisco Torrentí

We report on the first 3-dimensional numerical simulations of first-order phase transitions in the early universe to include the cosmic fluid as well as the scalar field order parameter. We calculate the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-30 Mark Hindmarsh , Stephan J. Huber , Kari Rummukainen , David J. Weir

We study the properties of the gravitational wave (GW) signals produced by first order phase transitions during the inflation era. We show that the power spectrum of the GW oscillates with its wave number. This signal can be observed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-18 Haipeng An , Kun-Feng Lyu , Lian-Tao Wang , Siyi Zhou

In the instant preheating scenario efficient particle production occurs immediately following the period of inflationary expansion in the early Universe. We demonstrate that instant preheating predicts unique gravitational wave (GW) signals…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-11 Wei-Yu Hu , Kazunori Nakayama , Volodymyr Takhistov , Yong Tang

We investigate a novel gravitational wave (GW) production mechanism from gravitons generated during the pre-thermal phase of cosmic reheating, where the energy density is dominated by non-thermalized inflaton decay products, dubbed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-23 Nicolás Bernal , Quan-feng Wu , Xun-Jie Xu , Yong Xu

In many models of inflation, the period of accelerated expansion ends with preheating, a highly non-thermal phase of evolution during which the inflaton pumps energy into a specific set of momentum modes of field(s) to which it is coupled.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Richard Easther , Eugene A. Lim
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