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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generate code, yet their outputs often violate syntactic or semantic constraints when guided only through natural language prompts. We introduce TreeCoder, the most general and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Henrijs Princis , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

Tool learning has emerged as a crucial capability for large language models (LLMs) to solve complex real-world tasks through interaction with external tools. Existing approaches face significant challenges, including reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanxing Ding , Shuchang Tao , Liang Pang , Zihao Wei , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Node-based programming languages are increasingly popular in media arts coding domains. These languages are designed to be accessible to users with limited coding experience, allowing them to achieve creative output without an extensive…

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

Large multimodal language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in understanding and manipulating images. However, many of these models struggle with comprehending intensive textual contents embedded within the images, primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Jian Chen , Jiuxiang Gu , Changyou Chen , Tong Sun

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVGs) function both as visual images and as structured code that encode rich geometric and layout information, yet most methods rasterize them and discard this symbolic organization. At the same time, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kyeong Seon Kim , Baek Seong-Eun , Lee Jung-Mok , Tae-Hyun Oh

Evaluating the performance of Code Language Models (CLMs) for software engineering tasks, especially in multilingual and low-resource programming language settings, poses significant challenges. These challenges are primarily due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Rohit Dandamudi , Gema Rodríguez-Pérez

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Unified multimodal understanding and generation have recently received much attention in the area of vision and language. Existing UniMs are designed to simultaneously learn both multimodal understanding and generation capabilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jianwen Sun , Yukang Feng , Chuanhao Li , Fanrui Zhang , Zizhen Li , Jiaxin Ai , Sizhuo Zhou , Yu Dai , Shenglin Zhang , Kaipeng Zhang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning and generation for language tasks, they are not specifically designed for multimodal challenges. Training Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), however, is resource-intensive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuqi Pang , Bowen Yang , Haoqin Tu , Yun Cao , Zeyu Zhang

Multimodal language models (MLMs) integrate visual and textual information by coupling a vision encoder with a large language model through the specific adapter. While existing approaches commonly rely on a single pre-trained vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Matvey Skripkin , Elizaveta Goncharova , Dmitrii Tarasov , Andrey Kuznetsov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities, making them suitable for complex tasks such as graph computation. Traditional reasoning steps paradigm for graph problems is hindered by unverifiable steps, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Qifan Zhang , Xiaobin Hong , Jianheng Tang , Nuo Chen , Yuhan Li , Wenzhong Li , Jing Tang , Jia Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated promising capabilities in multimodal coding tasks such as chart-to-code generation. However, existing methods primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zitian Tang , Xu Zhang , Jianbo Yuan , Yang Zou , Varad Gunjal , Songyao Jiang , Davide Modolo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered remarkable advancements across diverse code-related tasks, known as Code LLMs, particularly in code generation that generates source code with LLM from natural language descriptions. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jiasi Shen , Sungju Kim , Sunghun Kim

Recently, we have witnessed the rapid development of large language models, which have demonstrated excellent capabilities in the downstream task of code generation. However, despite their potential, LLM-based code generation still faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu

Text logo design heavily relies on the creativity and expertise of professional designers, in which arranging element layouts is one of the most important procedures. However, this specific task has received limited attention, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Junwen He , Yifan Wang , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu , Jun-Yan He , Chenyang Li , Hanyuan Chen , Jin-Peng Lan , Bin Luo , Yifeng Geng

Recent work demonstrates that, after instruction tuning, Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) can obtain impressive capabilities to address a wide range of code-related tasks. However, current instruction tuning methods for Code LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhaojian Yu , Xin Zhang , Ning Shang , Yangyu Huang , Can Xu , Yishujie Zhao , Wenxiang Hu , Qiufeng Yin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in vision-language understanding, yet effectively aligning different modalities remains a fundamental challenge. We present a framework that unifies multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Wanpeng Zhang , Yicheng Feng , Hao Luo , Yijiang Li , Zihao Yue , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced code generation from natural language prompts. The HumanEval Benchmark, developed by OpenAI, remains the most widely used code generation benchmark. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Nishat Raihan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Marcos Zampieri

Modelica is a widely adopted language for simulating complex physical systems, yet effective model creation and optimization require substantial domain expertise. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jiahui Xiang , Tong Ye , Peiyu Liu , Yinan Zhang , Wenhai Wang