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Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been successfully applied for whole slide images (WSIs) analysis in computational pathology, enabling a wide range of prediction tasks from tumor subtyping to inferring genetic mutations and multi-omics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Junyu Li , Ye Zhang , Wen Shu , Xiaobing Feng , Yingchun Wang , Pengju Yan , Xiaolin Li , Chulin Sha , Min He

Multi-instance learning (MIL) has a wide range of applications due to its distinctive characteristics. Although many state-of-the-art algorithms have achieved decent performances, a plurality of existing methods solve the problem only in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-04 Hanqiang Song , Zhuotun Zhu , Xinggang Wang

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to tackle the multiple instance regression (MIR) problem. This problem arises when the data is a collection of bags, where each bag is made of multiple instances corresponding to the same unique…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-13 Thomas Uriot

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) is a challenging task that requires simultaneously learn object classifiers and estimate object locations under the supervision of image category labels. A major line of WSOD methods roots in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shiwei Zhang , Wei Ke , Lin Yang

Recent advances in attention-based multiple instance learning (MIL) have improved our insights into the tissue regions that models rely on to make predictions in digital pathology. However, the interpretability of these approaches is still…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-11 Willem Bonnaffé , CRUK ICGC Prostate Group , Freddie Hamdy , Yang Hu , Ian Mills , Jens Rittscher , Clare Verrill , Dan J. Woodcock

Multiple-instance learning is a subset of weakly supervised learning where labels are applied to sets of instances rather than the instances themselves. Under the standard assumption, a set is positive only there is if at least one instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Daniel Grahn

In whole slide images (WSIs) analysis, attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) models are susceptible to spurious correlations and degrade under domain shift. These methods may assign high attention weights to non-tumor regions, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xin Liu , Weijia Zhang , Wei Tang , Thuc Duy Le , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Bag-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) approaches have emerged as the mainstream methodology for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, most existing methods adopt a segmented training strategy, which first extracts features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jiangping Wen , Jinyu Wen , Meie Fang

Despite the availability of a huge amount of video data accompanied by descriptive texts, it is not always easy to exploit the information contained in natural language in order to automatically recognize video concepts. Towards this goal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Giorgos Bouritsas , Petros Koutras , Athanasia Zlatintsi , Petros Maragos

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a critical task in computational pathology, requiring the processing of gigapixel-sized images, which is challenging for current deep-learning methods. Current state of the art methods are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jingwei Zhang , Saarthak Kapse , Ke Ma , Prateek Prasanna , Joel Saltz , Maria Vakalopoulou , Dimitris Samaras

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) plays a significant role in computational pathology, enabling weakly supervised analysis of Whole Slide Image (WSI) datasets. The field of WSI analysis is confronted with a severe long-tailed distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xitong Ling , Yifeng Ping , Jiawen Li , Jing Peng , Yuxuan Chen , Minxi Ouyang , Yizhi Wang , Yonghong He , Tian Guan , Xiaoping Liu , Lianghui Zhu

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Machine learning models have become integral to many fields, but their reliability, defined as producing dependable, trustworthy, and domain-consistent predictions, remains a critical concern. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Hassan Keshvarikhojasteh , Marc Aubreville , Christof A. Bertram , Josien P. W. Pluim , Mitko Veta

Weakly-supervised action localization requires training a model to localize the action segments in the video given only video level action label. It can be solved under the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework, where a bag (video)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Zhekun Luo , Devin Guillory , Baifeng Shi , Wei Ke , Fang Wan , Trevor Darrell , Huijuan Xu

Classical multiple instance learning (MIL) methods are often based on the identical and independent distributed assumption between instances, hence neglecting the potentially rich contextual information beyond individual entities. On the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Daniel Reisenbüchler , Sophia J. Wagner , Melanie Boxberg , Tingying Peng

We address the problem of \emph{instance label stability} in multiple instance learning (MIL) classifiers. These classifiers are trained only on globally annotated images (bags), but often can provide fine-grained annotations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Veronika Cheplygina , Lauge Sørensen , David M. J. Tax , Marleen de Bruijne , Marco Loog

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a paradigm of machine learning that aims to classify a set (bag) of objects (instances), assigning labels only to the bags. This problem is often addressed by selecting an instance to represent each bag,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Sonia Castelo , Moacir Ponti , Rosane Minghim

We study the problem of learning from aggregate observations where supervision signals are given to sets of instances instead of individual instances, while the goal is still to predict labels of unseen individuals. A well-known example is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Yivan Zhang , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Zhenguo Wu , Masashi Sugiyama

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models have proven effective for cancer prognosis from Whole Slide Images. However, the original MIL formulation incorrectly assumes the patches of the same image to be independent, leading to a loss of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Thiziri Nait Saada , Valentina Di Proietto , Benoit Schmauch , Katharina Von Loga , Lucas Fidon

Multi-instance partial-label learning (MIPL) is an emerging learning framework where each training sample is represented as a multi-instance bag associated with a candidate label set. Existing MIPL algorithms often overlook the margins for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Wei Tang , Yin-Fang Yang , Zhaofei Wang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang