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Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities but often fail to generalize under distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows models to update at inference time without labeled data, typically via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Marc Lafon , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Clément Rambour , Christian Desrosier , Nicolas Thome

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP and Grounding DINO have achieved remarkable success in object recognition and detection. However, their performance often degrades under real-world distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Lihua Zhou , Mao Ye , Shuaifeng Li , Nianxin Li , Jinlin Wu , Xiatian Zhu , Lei Deng , Hongbin Liu , Jiebo Luo , Zhen Lei

Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhichen Zeng , Wenxuan Bao , Xiao Lin , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yuchen Yan , Chen Luo , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot generalization but suffer performance degradation under distribution shifts in downstream tasks, particularly in the absence of labeled data. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Phuoc-Nguyen Bui , Hyunseung Choo , Duc Thanh Nguyen

Multimodal 3D vision-language models show strong generalization across diverse 3D tasks, but their performance still degrades notably under domain shifts. This has motivated recent studies on test-time adaptation (TTA), which enables models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xingyu Zhu , Liang Yi , Shuo Wang , Wenbo Zhu , Yonglinag Wu , Beier Zhu , Hanwang Zhang

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models, such as CLIP, aims to adapt the model to new, potentially out-of-distribution test data. Existing methods calculate the similarity between visual embedding and learnable class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Lihua Zhou , Mao Ye , Shuaifeng Li , Nianxin Li , Xiatian Zhu , Lei Deng , Hongbin Liu , Zhen Lei

Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods have gained significant attention for enhancing the performance of vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP during inference, without requiring additional labeled data. However, current TTA researches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot capabilities but struggle with distribution shifts in downstream tasks when labeled data is unavailable, which has motivated the development of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Mengyao Lyu , Zijia Lin , Shuaicheng Niu , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Vision-language foundation models (VLMs), such as CLIP, exhibit remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models can be unreliable when significant distribution gaps exist between training and test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zongbo Han , Jialong Yang , Guangyu Wang , Junfan Li , Qianli Xu , Mike Zheng Shou , Changqing Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP achieve strong zero-shot recognition by comparing image embeddings to text-derived class prototypes. However, under domain shift, they suffer from feature drift, class-prior mismatch, and severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Byunghyun Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have yielded unprecedented performance for zero-shot image classification, yet their generalization capability may still be seriously challenged when confronted to domain shifts. In response, we…

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of visual language models has recently attracted significant attention as a solution to the performance degradation caused by distribution shifts in downstream tasks. However, existing cache-based TTA methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Haotian Zhai , Xinyu Chen , Can Zhang , Tianming Sha , Ruirui Li

Vision-Language Pre-Trained (VLP) models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in learning generic visual representations. Several approaches aim to efficiently adapt VLP models to downstream tasks with limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yi Zhang , Ce Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has gained increasing popularity due to its efficacy in addressing ``distribution shift'' issue while simultaneously protecting data privacy. However, most prior methods assume that a paired source domain model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aiming Zhang , Tianyuan Yu , Liang Bai , Jun Tang , Yanming Guo , Yirun Ruan , Yun Zhou , Zhihe Lu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot generalization through large-scale image-text pretraining, yet their performance can drop once the deployment distribution diverges from the training distribution. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaozhen Qiao , Jingkai Zhao , Yuqiu Jiang , Xianda Guo , Zhe Sun , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Multi-modal test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the resilience of benchmark multi-modal models against distribution shifts by leveraging the unlabeled target data during inference. Despite the documented success, the advancement of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jinglin Xu , Yi Li , Chuxiong Sun , Xiao Xu , Jiangmeng Li , Fanjiang Xu

Large-scale pretrained vision-language models like CLIP have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot image classification capabilities across diverse domains. To enhance CLIP's performance while preserving the zero-shot paradigm, various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Xuefeng Hu , Ke Zhang , Min Sun , Albert Chen , Cheng-Hao Kuo , Ram Nevatia
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