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Optical Ising machines promise to solve complex optimization problems with an optical hardware acceleration advantage. Here we study the ground state properties of a nonlinear optical Ising machine realized by spatial light modulator,…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-20 Santosh Kumar , Zhaotong Li , Ting Bu , Chunlei Qu , Yuping Huang

Nonlinear dynamical systems such as coupled oscillators are being actively investigated as Ising machines for solving computationally hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Prior works have established the equivalence between the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-19 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Zongli Lin , Nikhil Shukla

Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

Finding the ground states of the Ising Hamiltonian [1] maps to various combinatorial optimization problems in biology, medicine, wireless communications, artificial intelligence, and social network. So far no efficient classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Alireza Marandi , Zhe Wang , Kenta Takata , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

In this paper, we report new results on a novel Ising machine technology for solving combinatorial optimization problems using networks of coupled self-sustaining oscillators. Specifically, we present several working hardware prototypes…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Tianshi Wang , Leon Wu , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…

Many combinatorial problems can be mapped to Ising machines, i.e., networks of coupled oscillators that settle to a minimum-energy ground state, from which the problem solution is inferred. This work proposes DROID, a novel event-driven…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Abhimanyu Kumar , Ramprasath S. , Chris H. Kim , Ulya R. Karpuzcu , Sachin S. Sapatnekar

Analog computing using bosonic computational states is a leading approach to surpassing the computational speed and energy limitations of von Neumann architectures. But the challenges of manufacturing large-scale photonic integrated…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Farhad Khosravi , Martin Perreault , Artur Scherer , Pooya Ronagh

Recently, spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) have demonstrated the abilities to compute the Ising Hamiltonian of large-scale spin systems, with the advantages of ultrafast speed and high power efficiency. However, such optical…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-17 Li Luo , Zhiyi Mi , Junyi Huang , Zhichao Ruan

Statistical spin dynamics plays a key role to understand the working principle for novel optical Ising machines. Here we propose the gauge transformations for spatial photonic Ising machine, where a single spatial phase modulator…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-07-28 Yisheng Fang , Junyi Huang , Zhichao Ruan

The Ising model, originally proposed a century ago, has become a cornerstone of combinatorial optimization in recent decades. However, Ising machines remain constrained by a fundamental hardware-speed trade-off. We introduce the Bounce-Bind…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haiyang Zhang , Hao Wang , Rui Zhou , Sheng Chang

We propose a data-driven heuristic for NP-hard Ising and Max-Cut optimization that learns the update rule of an iterative dynamical system. The method learns a shared, node-wise update rule that maps local interaction fields to spin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sam Reifenstein , Timothee Leleu

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) are networks of coupled oscillators that seek the minimum energy state of an Ising model. Since many NP-hard problems are equivalent to the minimization of an Ising Hamiltonian, OIMs have emerged as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Ahmed Allibhoy , Arthur N. Montanari , Fabio Pasqualetti , Adilson E. Motter

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

We present a new way to make Ising machines, i.e., using networks of coupled self-sustaining nonlinear oscillators. Our scheme is theoretically rooted in a novel result that establishes that the phase dynamics of coupled oscillator systems,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Tianshi Wang , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

We investigate network of degenerate optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs) as a model of the coherent Ising machine, an architecture for solving Ising problems. The network represents the interaction in the Ising model, which is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-26 Ryoji Miyazaki , Masayuki Ohzeki

Ising machines show promise as ultrafast hardware for optimizations encoded in Ising Hamiltonians but fall short in terms of success rate and performance scaling. Here, we propose a novel Ising machine that exploits the three-dimensional…

Dynamical Ising machines are continuous dynamical systems that evolve from a generic initial state to a state strongly related to the ground state of the classical Ising model. We show that such a machine driven by the V${}_2$ dynamical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mikhail Erementchouk , Aditya Shukla , Pinaki Mazumder

The ground state search of the Ising model can be used to solve many combinatorial optimization problems. Under the current computer architecture, an Ising ground state search algorithm suitable for hardware computing is necessary for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-15 Zhelong Jiang , Gang Chen , Ruixiu Qiao , Pengcheng Feng , Yihao Chen , Junjia Su , Zhiyuan Zhao , Min Jin , Xu Chen , Zhigang Li , Huaxiang Lu

Generalized Ising models, also known as cluster expansions, are an important tool in many areas of condensed-matter physics and materials science, as they are often used in the study of lattice thermodynamics, solid-solid phase transitions,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-06-27 Wenxuan Huang , Daniil Kitchaev , Stephen Dacek , Ziqin Rong , Zhiwei Ding , Gerbrand Ceder