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Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is rapidly emerging as a transformative non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modality characterized by high spatial resolution and ability to target deep brain circuits. Unlike…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-02 William J. Tyler

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging form of non-surgical human neuromodulation that confers advantages over existing electro and electromagnetic technologies by providing a superior spatial resolution on the millimeter…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-02 Leo Ai , Jerel K. Mueller , Andrea Grant , Yigitcan Eryaman , Wynn Legon

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging modality for non-invasive brain stimulation and therapeutic intervention, offering millimeter-scale spatial precision and the ability to target deep brain structures. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vinkle Srivastav , Juliette Puel , Jonathan Vappou , Elijah Van Houten , Paolo Cabras , Nicolas Padoy

Objective. While ultrasound is largely established for use in diagnostic imaging and heating therapies, its application for neuromodulation is relatively new and not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-09 Jerel K. Mueller , Wynn Legon , William J. Tyler

Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying…

For decades, focal non-invasive neuromodulation of deep brain regions has not been possible because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Pierre Vassiliadis , Elena Beanato , Maximilian J. Wessel , Friedhelm C. Hummel

Background: Trans-spinal FUS (tsFUS) has recently been shown promise in modulating spinal reflexes in rodents, opening new avenues for spinal cord interventions in motor control and pain management. However, anatomical differences between…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Koharu Isomura , Wenwei Yu , Jose Gomez-Tames

A major shortcoming of medical practice is the lack of an objective measure of conscious level. Impairment of consciousness is common, e.g. following brain injury and seizures, which can also interfere with sensory processing and volitional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-24 Alexis Pomares Pastor , Ines Ribeiro Violante , Gregory Scott

Transcranial ultrasound is more and more used for therapy and imaging of the brain. However, the skull is a highly attenuating and aberrating medium, with different structures and acoustic properties between samples and even within a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Celestine Angla , Benoit Larrat , Jean-Luc Gennisson , Sylvain Chatillon

Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) is a therapeutic ultrasound method that focuses sound through the skull to a small region noninvasively under MRI guidance. It is clinically approved to thermally ablate regions of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Han Liu , Michelle K. Sigona , Thomas J. Manuel , Li Min Chen , Charles F. Caskey , Benoit M. Dawant

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) offers noninvasive access to deep brain circuits but remains limited by skull-induced phase aberration, acoustic impedance mismatch, and poor volumetric control of intracranial pressure fields.…

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-07 Yueming Li , Ying Jiang , Lu Lan , Xiaowei Ge , Ran Cheng , Yuewei Zhan , Guo Chen , Linli Shi , Runyu Wang , Nan Zheng , Chen Yang , Ji-Xin Cheng

Localizing neuronal activity in the brain, both in time and in space, is a central challenge to advance the understanding of brain function. Because of the inability of any single neuroimaging techniques to cover all aspects at once, there…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-07-09 Yaroslav O. Halchenko , Michael Hanke , James V. Haxby , Stephen Jose Hanson , Christoph S. Herrmann

Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive technique for therapy and study of brain neural activation. Here we report on the design and characterization of a new MR-guided FUS transducer for neuromodulation in non-human…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Vandiver Chaplin , Marshal A. Phipps , Charles F. Caskey

Transcranial ultrasound simulations are increasingly used to predict in situ exposure parameters for ultrasound therapies in the brain. However, there can be considerable uncertainty in estimating the acoustic medium properties of the skull…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Antonio Stanziola , José A. Pineda-Pardo , Bradley Treeby

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) has the potential to usher in a new era for human neuroscience by allowing spatially precise and high-resolution non-invasive targeting of both deep and superficial brain regions. Currently,…

Transient brain-wide neuroimaging on a microscopic scale is pivotal for brain research, yet current modalities face challenges in meeting such spatiotemporal requirements. Functional ultrasound (fUS) enables transient neurovascular imaging…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yang Cai , Shaoyuan Yan , Long Xu , Yanfeng Zhu , Bo Li , Kailiang Xu

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-30 Jose Gomez-Tames , Ilkka Laakso , Akimasa Hirata

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a therapeutic ultrasound method that focuses sound through the skull to a small region noninvasively and often under MRI guidance. CT imaging is used to estimate the acoustic properties that vary…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Han Liu , Michelle K. Sigona , Thomas J. Manuel , Li Min Chen , Benoit M. Dawant , Charles F. Caskey

As transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) advances as a precise, non-invasive neuromodulatory method, there is a need for consistent reporting standards to enable comparison and reproducibility across studies. To this end, the…

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